World Cities and Sustainable Development

humans Cities and sustainable DevelopmentSubject Sub-divided wholes in Hong Kong ( 1487 words )Hong Kong has been celebrated for its sky-high keeping m peerlesstary value which has been a repair to both the policy shapers and the populace in recent old ages. Apart from the unaffordable attribute financial values, Hong Kong in any event faces social issues alike(p) the sub-divided unit of measurements, accidents such(prenominal) as the 2011 Fa Yuen Street run off 1 and the prostration edifice at Ma Tau Wei Road 2 in 2010 have roused general consciousness towards the issue.In this essay, I will foremost modernize the relationship between living accommodations and sustainable teaching. Then I will indicate the traffics of sub-divided units in Hong Kong and its influence on residents bore of bearing. Fin tout ensembley, I will measure the expose challenges confront by the Hong Kong housing effectiveness in turn toing the housing line of productss.sustainable in habit dramas an of import function in sustainable development. Harmonizing to theSustainable admit indemnityissued by the united Nations homosexual Settlements Program ( UN-Ha importat ) in 2012, lodging is one of the basic standards to mensurate the prize of life-time of people, which besides connect to environmental, societal, pagan and economic facets in the association 3 . The construction of lodging creates a extensive influence on both the live and future coevalss due to the life-long lastingness of edifices.Housing besides requires a considerable subject matter of earthy resources, such as H2O, galvanizingity, republic and edifice stuffs as input, where lodging produces sewerage, municipal solid waste and other sorts of pollution that create damaging impact to the natural environment. Hence, sustainable lodging is the key to decease a measure frontward sustainable development.UN-Habitat defined sustainable lodging as genuinely sustainable houses argon those that be inclusive and kickoff-cost for alland insofar affordability is non plenty, because the alleged low-cost maculation send away non be considered sustainable if they create negative impacts on the environment or societal life. 4 Harmonizing to the US-based consultancy Demographia, Hong Kong ranks the first among 360 metropoliss for the most unaffordable lodging for the 4th consecutive twelvemonth. Hong Kongs one-year average family income is merely one-fifteenth of the average place monetary value, in that locatingfore being rated as severely unaffordable . 5 In 2013 form _or_ system of government cut across 6 , lodging works class-conscious foremost in the governments precedence, in particular aimed at helping the grassroots into public lodging and in-between kin households to family ownership. 7 However, the job could non be solved nightlong, the increasing figure of sub-divided units suggested that the potential failed to help the grassroots and in-betw een home households in run intoing their basic demands to matter over the poorness job. After the Fa Yuen Street implode and the collapsed edifice incident at Ma Tau Wei Road, condom of sub-divided units has raised the public concern.Among all lodging jobs, the state of affairs of sub-divided units is critical. The life environment of these sub-divided units ar by and outstanding little in size, but are poplar because of their affordability.Harmonizing to a research conducted by the University of Hong Kong, to the highest degree 63 % of sub-divided units occupants lived at units which coarse are less than 160 sq. pes, where the smallest unit is most 70 sq. pes. Respondents reviewed that they were discontented round their life environment, particularly in terminate safety, air circulation and warranter. Over two-third of the respondents stated that there were jobs such as H2O escape, home base exposure, concrete spalling and mussy electric wires, which imposed psychologi cal force per unit area to them as they were worried about the buildings construction of their units particularly after the incidents. 8 The study besides stated that occupants were worried about their security in the sub-divided units, virtually 44 % reviewed that stealing occurred in their unit, followed by robbery ( 33 % ) , drugs covering ( 29 % ) , incendiarism ( 25 % ) and sex discourtesies ( 22 % ) .In footings of societal life, merely 5 % of occupants were familiar with their neighbours and kept up(p) a friendly relationship with each(prenominal) other, epoch 60 % of respondents were non familiar or did non acknowledge their neighbours. At the same clip, approximately 77 % of occupants did non fall in or affect in any community activities. 9 Over half of the sub-unit occupants reflected that their superlative want is to acquire a public lodging colony, one-third wished to better their life environment. Further more, the greatest concern of the occupants is the saniti zation job of the life environment, followed by security and the safety of the buildings construction. In footings of psychological well-being, occupants reflected that they were worried about the lifting rent and a great deal felt laden due to the destine and bantam life status. These jobs of sub-divided units have been earnestly impacting the residents quality of life as they struggled rugged to keep a life. 10 Furthermore, the great deal of occupants felt detached, unhappy and have low sense of properties to the society as they seldom communicate with each other and rarely involved in their community, which would impact their physiologic well-being. In footings of life environment, they were discontent about the sanitation and safety jobs, and the bulk wished to fit into the public lodging every bit shortly as possible.There are three challenges faced by the Hong Kong Housing Authority in turn toing the job of sub-divided units.First, Hong Kong faces the job of limited e state of the realm issue. directly 23 % of land has been development, and 7 % is allocated for residential land usage. The deficit in land supply will further take to the lifting monetary value of place monetary values. 11 To turn to this job, re modernal is a great deal used since the 1970s. 12 In 2013, development curate Paul Chan Mo Po even suggested constructing estate by uncluttering an clownish in the state park 13 or construct places on the play nine site, 14 these steps and suggestions faced strong expostulation in the society.Second, the authorities failed to take the belongings monetary values. under the sky-high belongings monetary values, the authorities eventually attempted to interfere the marketplace by presenting the dual cast responsibilities to give up the state of affairs. 15 However, the program failed to command the belongings monetary values and the belongings monetary values in Hong Kong reached new highs in August 2014, entering the high est belongings monetary value in Hong Kongs history. 16 Third, the job of sub-divided units jobs involved the clip of diverse governments and the division of duties is non clearly defined. Therefore, different sections may decline to take the duties. The job non merely related to edifice and beset safety, but besides other issues such as edifice direction job, urban reclamation job and lodging job. 17 Sustainable lodging should non be metrical merely in footings of affordability, and should means more than a roof over ones caput. A sustainable lodging system should be able to supply abode with equal basic substructure, privateness, infinite, handiness, safety, security, dependability, sanitation and waste-management installations, suited environmental quality, accessible location to make basic installations and work topographical point, accessible and equity transit system, while all these standards should be brought with low-cost monetary value. 18 These factors are what H ong Kong presently leave out and should be taking into history in doing lodging policies and determinations.Mention 2011-12 polity care for Policy Address. 2011-12 Policy Address Policy Address. 12 Oct. 2011. Web. 13 Dec. 2014. & lt hypertext shipping communications communications protocol //www.policyaddress.gov.hk/11-12/eng/p190.html & gt . 2013 Policy Address by gaffer Executive ( 3 ) . 2013 Policy Address by Chief Executive ( 3 ). Hong Kong Government Press Release. 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