United Nations AIDS Conference Simulation Essay

Joined Nations AIDS Conference Simulation - Essay Example This reproduction action included the United Nations General Assemblies. As indicated by Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, and Starkey (2010), the General Assembly is the deliberative group of the United Nations and is comprised of the United Nations part expresses each with a vote. The United Nations AIDS Committee is liable for proposing and arranging worldwide goals in the battle against the HIV and AIDS scourge (Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, and Starkey, 2010). Starkey, Boyer, Wilkenfeld, and Starkey further clarify that these goals are then sent to the general gathering for a last vote (2010). Understudies were alloted various jobs either as state delegates or non state delegates. The name of the council was the United Nations General Assembly. The support was the United Nations AIDS Committee who wrote this goals. Pre walking phrases were utilized to express the issues that the Committee was to talk about and resolve. These announcements expressed the purposes behind the Committee to determine the issues. The issues talked about during the reenactment incorporated the reaffirmation of those goals that the United Nations General Assembly had created in the past gathering. The current and ceaseless harm brought about by the plague was distinguished. It was recognized that there was requirement for the advisory group to rebuild the procedures that were as of now being utilized to battle the plague. The board of trustees having understood the significance of country states contributions on AIDS goals endeavors invited their thoughts.

5 Forces Model of Verizon Essay

Verizon’s wireline business, which incorporates the tasks of the previous MCI, gives telephone utilities, including voice, broadband information and video administrations, arrange get to, across the nation significant distance and different interchanges items and administrations, and furthermore claims and works one of the most far reaching start to finish worldwide Internet Protocol (IP) systems. Verizon’s household remote business, working as Verizon Wireless, gives remote voice and information items and administrations over the United States utilizing one of the most broad and solid remote systems. The aftereffects of high serious weight could affect costs, edges, and consequently, on gainfulness for each organization in the business. a. Run Nextel b. Cingular †AT&T remote c. T-Mobile d. AOL e. Qwest f. RBOCs g. COMCAST 4. Haggling Power of Suppliers †Low The term ‘suppliers’ involves all hotspots for inputs that are required so as to give products or administrations. On the off chance that there is a market with much decision provider decision, dealing force will be less. There are many system gear providers, which are experienced the down telecom showcase. Having full grown advances likewise commoditize the items. All things considered, the dealing intensity of providers has been frail. 5. Haggling Power of Customers †Low The dealing intensity of clients decides how much clients can force pressure on edges and volumes. Since the vast majority of purchasers are little (private and independent venture clients), they don't have a lot of purchaser power. Large organizations are better situated to haggle for limits yet industry combinations of SBC gaining AT&T and Verizon getting MCI have essentially decreased the accessible lternatives for these companies and in this manner their arrangement power. Nuisance Analysis A PEST examination is an examination of the significant components that are changing which impact a business all things considered, these include: Political Factors †¢This incorporates government guidelines and legitimate issues that characterize both formal and casual principles of the activity of Verizon. Monetary Factors †¢This factor influences the buying intensity of customers and the Verizon’s cost of capital. Social Factors †¢Cultural and socioeconomics of nature would influence the customer’s needs just as potential market size. Innovative Factors †¢This can bring down hindrances to section, improve creation productivity and impact redistributing choices. ? PoliticalEconomicalSocialTechnology Stability of the interior/outer political environmentEconomic growthPopulation development rate Automation Trading agreementsInterest ratesAge distributionTechnology motivations work lawsInflation rateCareer attitudesRate of mechanical change ecological regulationsBudget portion Perception of innovative change inside the unit Trade limitations and tariffsThe level of expansion 5 Forces Model of Verizon Essay Verizon’s wireline business, which incorporates the tasks of the previous MCI, gives telephone utilities, including voice, broadband information and video administrations, arrange get to, across the country significant distance and different interchanges items and administrations, and furthermore claims and works one of the most far reaching start to finish worldwide Internet Protocol (IP) systems. Verizon’s local remote business, working as Verizon Wireless, gives remote voice and information items and administrations over the United States utilizing one of the most broad and solid remote systems. High for fixed-line, low for versatile/broadband A danger from substitutes exists if there are elective items with lower costs that are of better execution parameters for a similar reason. This might pull in a critical extent of market volume and consequently decrease the potential deals volume for Verizon. a. Vonage(Threat to Fixed Line administration) b. Skype(Threat to Fixed Line administration) 3. Serious Rivalry between Existing Players †High This power portrays the force of rivalry between existing players (organizations) in an industry. The consequences of high serious weight could affect costs, edges, and thus, on benefit for each organization in the business. a. Run Nextel b. Cingular †AT&T remote c. T-Mobile d. AOL e. Qwest f. RBOCs g. COMCAST 4. Dealing Power of Suppliers †Low The term ‘suppliers’ involves all hotspots for inputs that are required so as to give products or administrations. In the event that there is a market with much decision provider decision, dealing force will be less. There are many system hardware providers, which are experienced the down telecom showcase. Having full grown innovations likewise commoditize the items. Thusly, the haggling intensity of providers has been frail. 5. Bartering Power of Customers †Low The haggling intensity of clients decides how much clients can force pressure on edges and volumes. Since the vast majority of purchasers are little (private and independent venture clients), they don't have a lot of purchaser power. Large companies are better situated to haggle for limits yet industry solidifications of SBC obtaining AT&T and Verizon getting MCI have essentially decreased the accessible lternatives for these partnerships and in this manner their arrangement power. Nonexclusive Strategy Verizon needs to cause the innovation clients to have today work better through new, client agreeable items, administrations, applications and arrangements. Just as to put resources into the broadband framework that will give clients far and away superior administrations later on. â€Å"Competitive bit of leeway can be gotten utilizing three conventional procedures; they are cost initiative, separation and core interest. †¢Cost Leadership oVerizon is required to contend on cost in light of the fact that there are numerous remote administrators in Europe, decrease cost to build memberships.

Giant Cows Eat Venus; Earth Next

Giant Cows Eat Venus; Earth Next On the evening of June 6, 2012, a satellite with its camera pointed toward the sun sent the first 500 GB of its daily report back to base. Clouds covered the world thousands of miles below, where two summer interns were supposed to be observing the centurys last transit of Venus through its eyes. Their display showed an uninterrupted sphere of flames. One squinted at the screen. “Shouldn’t we see it already? When was it supposed to start?” “Half an hour ago,” said the other. They stared at the screen for another minute. “Good grief,” said the first, “and I wanted to run for president someday. What’ll happen to us if all our calculations were wrong, and there isn’t a transit today at all?” The second scowled at him. “Our calculations aren’t wrong,” he said. “The transit of Venus is a fairly predictable thing.” He paused, switching the settings on the screen. “Listen,” he said, “I dont know whats going on, but we’ll upload the footage from 2004. We’ll reconstruct it from several wavelengths of extreme ultraviolet light and a portion of the visible spectrum. It’ll look different. No one will notice.” The first shifted his weight in his seat and smiled uncomfortably. “You really don’t think anyone will notice?” he said. “Of course not,” said the second. And almost no one did. Most of the world was overcast, but somewhere in the Pacific Ocean a cruise ship floated under one of the few patches of clear sky. A couple leaned over the railing on the deck, squinting at the setting sun through cardboard eclipse glasses. “Is that it?” “No, honey, that’s a bug. It should be on the top right.” “I don’t see it. All I see is the sun. Do you see it?” “No, honey, I don’t see it.” “Is that it?” “No, honey, that’s another bug.” And so on, until the red, uneclipsed sun disappeared over the horizon. A month later, almost all of Boston descended on the Longfellow and Harvard bridges and, in boats and on the bank, the stretch of the Charles River that connected them. A warm, thick breeze reflected off the clouds and the water. The crowd gathered in the growing darkness, interrupted by the lights of Boston and the red lightning in the distance. The Longfellow bridge was evacuated. A patrol boat crisscrossed from one bank to the other, warning kayakers to stay out of the coming storm: Please find shelter,” he said. “The thunderstorm contains“â€"he pausedâ€" “lightning. The fireworks started, finally, to cheers from the crowd and a rumbling that didn’t quite sound like thunder or fireworks. Minutes later the storm started as well, pummeling the river through the fireworks. The crowd bent away from the wind and water blowing off the river. The rain pummeled their backs while they squinted at the booming fireworks behind them. Finally the rain stopped. The lights on both sides of the river vanished, block by block, until the river and the crowd were lit only by the fireworks. The ground rumbled again, louder this time. A few minutes later the last firework folded into the water, leaving the Charles River and the crowd in silence and darkness. Now unmistakable, a deep, munching sound echoed against the buildings on either side of the river. Almost all of that is actually true, except for the mysterious power outage and the mysterious munching and the mysterious disappearance of Venus. Summer has so far been a mix of foreboding clouds and heat. The photos below are from the Boston side of the river before a thunderstorm. Most of campus is to the left of the frame; you can see the Green Building on the left edge. The photos above are from the Cambridge side of the river before the fireworks, also before a thunderstorm. (Click for larger versions.) Ominous weather is my favorite kind of weather.   =) My UROP is actually as exciting and mysterious as I tried to make the rest of this blog post. And it’s real! I’m working on a low cost, high-risk project in the same lab I’ve been in for the past year. It’s extremely unlikely to succeed, but it’ll be darn awesome if it does. Every day is completely uncharted territory, with rapids at every turn. At the moment things seem to be going very well, but I might change my mind by the end of the day. Since it’s far behind me, I’m now going to share a big secret about my past year at MIT: it hasn’t all been fun. The past two semesters have been tough, academically and otherwise. When I was applying to MIT, I coped with the potential for low grades and low self-esteem by telling myself that I wanted MIT to take me apart and make me better. The past year has without a doubt been a taking apart, culminating in ripping apart and eating bags of black tea at my final exams. For about a month after finals I kept having weird nightmares where our transcripts were tattooed into our backs at the end of every term and I didnt want to go out in a swimsuit. Now is hopefully the rebuilding. Here are some things Ive learned: I’ve learned that some experiences are worth having, even if (especially if?) you know they’ll hurt. Stories aren’t interesting if nothing bad happens. I’ve learned that big, exciting things happen in small, not always exciting steps. I’ve learned that money has the power to dissolve friendships. Ive learned that you can’t get everyone to like you. There is absolutely no point in not being yourself if that’s what it takes to try. There are a select few who will love you even when you spend a week pretending to be a tomato. Hold on to those. I’ve learned that stupidity and evil can be hard to distinguish, especially at the thick intersection of software and money. I’ve learned that success is transient and haphazard and does not emulate its keepers. Hard work doesn’t always pay off. The good guys dont always win. Ive learned that the things worth trying are those you wont regret experiencing if they dont work. I’ve reevaluated what I look for in friends and in myself. It took me an embarrassingly long time to realize that in all situations, kind and good are more important to me than intelligent or likely to succeed. Ive learned that friends and family are much, much more important to me than grades or money. I’ve learned that my own awareness of my aptitude can be more limiting than my actual abilities. Just as excessive self-confidence can limit your worldview and put incompetent people in important positions, too little can choke the abilities that you decided you don’t have. Its a tricky balance. Perhaps most importantly, I’ve learned that the people we think are unattainably great never had to earn a special license to fill that role. There is no threshold of age or coolness after which you are suddenly authorized to do big things. This epiphany is especially relevant to those of you who are in high school. Want something? Go get it. You don’t need an MIT education to start doing amazing, world-changing things, especially if you take advantage of the Internet. Did you know that lightning makes raindrops bigger? This summer I’m also lightly studying for next semester and mentally preparing for the next two years. I’m going to have to kick it up a few notches, and I’ll have to grapple for those notches as I go. Like I said, ominous weather is my favorite kind of weather. Bring it on, Dark and Mysterious Future.

The Historical Use of the Mercury Mineral, Cinnabar

Cinnabar, or mercury sulphide (HgS), ​is a highly toxic, naturally occurring form of the mercury mineral, which was used in the ancient past for producing a bright orange (vermillion) pigment on ceramics, murals, tattoos, and in religious ceremonies. Cinnabars Earliest Use The primary prehistoric use of the mineral was grinding it to create vermillion, and its earliest known use for this purpose is at the Neolithic site of Çatalhà ¶yà ¼k in Turkey (7000-8000 BC), where wall paintings included cinnabars vermillion. Recent investigations in the Iberian peninsula at the Casa Montero flint mine, and burials at La Pijotilla and Montelirio suggest the use of cinnabar as a pigment beginning approximately 5300 BC. Lead isotope analysis identified the provenance of these cinnabar pigments as coming from the Almaden district deposits. In China, the earliest known use of cinnabar is the Yangshao culture (~4000-3500 BC). At several sites, cinnabar covered the walls and floors in buildings used for ritual ceremonies. Cinnabar was among a range of minerals used to paint Yangshao ceramics, and, at Taosi village, cinnabar was sprinkled into elite burials. Vinca Culture (Serbia) The Neolithic Vinca culture (4800-3500 BC), located in the Balkans and including the Serbian sites of Plocnik, Belo Brdo, and Bubanj, among others, were early users of cinnabar, likely mined from the Suplja Stena mine on Mount Avala, 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) from Vinca. Cinnabar occurs in this mine in quartz veins; Neolithic quarrying activities are attested here by the presence of stone tools and ceramic vessels near ancient mine shafts. Micro-XRF studies reported in 2012 (Gajic-KvaÃ… ¡cev et al.) revealed that paint on ceramic vessels and figurines from the Plocnik site contained a mixture of minerals, including high purity cinnabar. A red powder filling a ceramic vessel discovered at Plocnik in 1927 was also found to include a high percentage of cinnabar, likely but not definitively mined from Suplja Stena. Huacavelica (Peru) Huancavelica is the name of the largest mercury source in the Americas, located on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental mountains of central Peru. Mercury deposits here are the result of Cenozoic magma intrusions into sedimentary rock. Vermillion was used to paint ceramics, figurines, and murals and to decorate elite status burials in Peru in a range of cultures including Chavà ­n culture (400-200 BC), Moche, Sican, and the Inca empire. At least two segments of the Inca Road lead to Huacavelica. Scholars (Cooke et al.) report that mercury accumulations in nearby lake sediments began rising about 1400 BC, probably the result of the dust from cinnabar mining. The main historic and prehistoric mine at Huancavelica is the Santa Barbà ¡ra mine, nicknamed the mina de la muerte (mine of death), and it was both the single largest supplier of mercury to the colonial silver mines  and the major source of pollution in the Andes even today. Known to have been exploited by the Andean empires, large-scale mercury mining began here during the colonial period after the introduction of mercury amalgamation associated with the extraction of silver from low-grade ores. Amalgamation of poor quality silver ores using cinnabar was begun in Mexico by Bartolomà © de Medina in 1554. This process involved smelting the ore in grass-fired, clay-lined retorts until vaporization yielded gaseous mercury. Some of the gas was trapped in a crude condenser, and cooled, yielding liquid mercury. Polluting emissions from this process included both the dust from the original mining  and the gasses released into the atmosphere during smelting. Theophrastus and Cinnabar Classical Greek and Roman mentions of cinnabar include that of Theophrastus of Eresus (371-286 BC), a student of the Greek philosopher Aristotle. Theophrastus wrote the earliest surviving scientific book on minerals, De Lapidibus, in which he described an extraction method to get quicksilver from cinnabar. Later references to the quicksilver process appear in Vitruvius (1st century BC) and Pliny the Elder (1st century AD). Roman Cinnabar Cinnabar was the most expensive pigment used by the Romans for extensive wall paintings on public and private buildings (~100 BC-300 AD). A recent study on cinnabar samples taken from several villas in Italy and Spain were identified using lead isotope concentrations, and compared with source material in Slovenia (the Idria mine), Tuscany (Monte Amiata, Grosseto), Spain (Almaden) and as a control, from China. In some cases, such as at  Pompeii, the cinnabar seems to have come from a specific local source, but in others, the cinnabar used in the murals was blended from several different regions. Poisonous Medications One use of cinnabar not attested in archaeological evidence to date, but which may have been the case prehistorically is as traditional medication or ritual ingestion. Cinnabar has been used for at least 2,000 years as part of Chinese and Indian  Ayurvedic  medicines. Although it may have some beneficial effect on some illnesses, human ingestion of mercury is now known to produce toxic damage to kidney, brain, liver, the reproductive systems, and other organs. Cinnabar is still used in at least 46 traditional Chinese patent medicines today, making up between 11-13% of Zhu-Sha-An-Shen-Wan, a popular over-the-counter traditional medicine for insomnia, anxiety, and depression. That is about 110,000 times higher than allowable cinnabar dose levels according to the European Drug and Food Standards: in a study on rats, Shi et al. found that ingestion of this level of cinnabar does create physical damage. Sources Consuegra S, Dà ­az-del-Rà ­o P, Hunt Ortiz MA, Hurtado V, and Montero Ruiz I. 2011.  Neolithic and Chalcolithic--VI to III millennia BC--  In: Ortiz JE, Puche O, Rabano I, and Mazadiego LF, editors.  History of Research in Mineral Resources.  Madrid: Instituto Geolà ³gico y Minero de Espaà ±a. p 3-13.use of cinnabar (HgS) in the Iberian Peninsula: analytical identification and lead isotope data for an early mineral exploitation of the Almadà ©n (Ciudad Real, Spain) mining district. Contreras DA. 2011.  How far to Conchucos? A GIS approach to assessing the implications of exotic materials at Chavà ­n de Huà ¡ntar.  World Archaeology  43(3):380-397. Cooke CA, Balcom PH, Biester H, and Wolfe AP. 2009.  Over three millennia of mercury pollution in the Peruvian Andes.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  106(22):8830-8834. Gajic-KvaÃ… ¡cev M, Stojanovic MM, Ã…  mit Ã… ½, Kantarelou V, Karydas AG, Ã…  ljivar D, Milovanovic D, and Andric V. 2012.  New evidence for the use of cinnabar as a   Journal of Archaeological Science  39(4):1025-1033.colouring pigment in the Vinca culture. Mazzocchin GA, Baraldi P, and Barbante C. 2008.  Isotopic analysis of lead present in the cinnabar of Roman wall paintings from the Xth   Talanta  74(4):690-693.Regio (Venetia et Histria) by ICP-MS. Shi J-Z, Kang F, Wu Q, Lu Y-F, Liu J, and Kang YJ. 2011.  Nephrotoxicity of mercuric chloride, methylmercury and cinnabar-containing Zhu-Sha-An-Shen-Wan in rats.  Toxicology Letters  200(3):194-200. Svensson M, Dà ¼ker A, and Allard B. 2006.  Formation of cinnabar—estimation of   Journal of Hazardous Materials  136(3):830-836.favourable conditions in a proposed Swedish repository. Takacs L. 2000.  Quicksilver from cinnabar: The first documented mechanochemical reaction?  JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals   52(1):12-13.and Materials Society

Marketing Concepts - 1469 Words

LIST OF SIX MARKETING CONCEPTS Following are the six concepts of marketing †¢ Production concept †¢ Product concept †¢ Selling concept †¢ Marketing concept †¢ Societal marketing concept †¢ Holistic marketing concept THE PRODUCTION CONCEPT: DEFINITION BY KOTLER: â€Å"It is the idea that customers will favor products that are available and highly affordable and that the organization should therefore focus on improving production and distribution efficiency.† EXPLANATION: This concept is the oldest of the concepts in business. It holds that consumers will prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. Managers focusing on this concept concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and†¦show more content†¦This helps in improving the image of the company. This concept holds that the organization’s task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors Additionally, it holds that this all must be done in a way that maintains and improves consumer’s and the society’s well-being. EXAMPLE: Company known for following the societal marketing concept: Johnson Johnson THE HOLISTIC MARKETING CONCEPT: KOTLER DEFINITION: â€Å"The Holistic Marketing concept is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognize their breadth and interdependencies. It is thus an approach that attempts to recognize and reconcile the scope and complexities of marketing activities.† EXPLANATION: In the new marketing environment, companies wonder how to operate compete. Marketers in the current age are increasingly recognizing the need to have a more complete cohesive approach that goes beyond traditional application of marketing concepts. This concept is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognize their breadth and inter-dependencies. Holistic Marketing recognizes that â€Å"everything matters† with marketing - and that a broad integratedShow MoreRelatedMarketing Concept Of Marketing Concepts1131 Words   |  5 Pages Marketing is about connecting the value of a product, service or brand to customers or consumer for the resolve of encouraging or selling that product, service, or brand. The concepts of Marketing are: Production concept, Product concept, selling concept, Marketing concept and Societal Marketing concept. Production concept: Production concept deals with production. Customer wants that product which is widely available and has a less price. Product concept: Production concept believes in customersRead MoreMarketing Concept Of Marketing : Marketing1651 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing concept Marketing plays a major function in any business organisation. The essence of marketing is about designing and managing a product and generating exchanges of value from where both the customer and the organisation can attain benefits. Marketing is the activity, set of institutions and processes for creating, communicating, delivering and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large (Solomon, Marshall Stuart, 2009, p.13). MarketersRead MoreMarketing Concept Of Marketing And Marketing1413 Words   |  6 PagesMARKETING CONCEPT Marketing is an act of promoting and selling products or a service, this also includes marketing research and advertising. The marketing concept is the philosophy used by companies to analyse the needs of their customers so they can be better than the competition. As well as this they must also take into consideration the companies capabilities and the environment it is working in, as they can face the pressures of environmental changes. By using the marketing concept companiesRead MoreThe Concepts Of Marketing And Marketing3747 Words   |  15 PagesMarketing deals with people s emotions and feelings, it also includes knowledge about the buyer’s psychology, his motives, attitudes, as well as influences of his family, groups of friends, and culture. To increase advertisements persuasiveness, advertisers can use various means, such as the theory of cognitive dissonance The elements of the marketing process are referred to as a set of controllable tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market The marketing processRead MoreMarketing Concept804 Words   |  4 PagesMSc. in Marketing Università © Paris 1-Panthà ©on-Sorbonne EXCERCISE PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING VATC/IAE – Broward Program Term: Winter 2012 HCMC 2012 ------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER 1 ------------------------------------------------- MARKETING’S VALUE TO CONSUMERS, FIRMS, AND SOCIETY PART 1: TRUE OR FALSE 1. Marketing is important to every consumer Answer: 2. Marketing and Selling are basically synonymous terms. Answer: 3. The marketing conceptRead MoreMarketing Concepts2095 Words   |  9 PagesMarketing Concepts MAR110 Study Period 4, 2010 SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Research Report â€Å"Marketing’s really just selling with a posh name! What’s all this about a Marketing Concept?† EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research report aims to depict if there is any truth to the statement â€Å"Marketing is just selling with a posh name...† it also aims to illustrate the marketing concept, which refers to the second half of the statement â€Å" .....What’s all this about the marketing concept†Read MoreMarketing Concept3158 Words   |  13 PagesMarketing concept The marketing concept holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than its competitors in creating, delivering, and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets. The marketing concept rests on four pillars: target market, customer needs, integrated Marketing and profitability. . The selling concept takes an inside-out perspective. It starts with the factory, focuses on existing products, and calls for heavy sellingRead MoreMarketing Theory And Marketing Concepts1469 Words   |  6 Pagessort of theory and concept. This assignment will be looking at the marketing theory and marketing concepts which are portrayed in the traditional marketing literature, and how they have limited application in guiding small business marketing practice. Marketing plays a vital role not only in developing, producing, and selling products or services, but also in guiding recruiting labors and raising capital. Although it can be said that successful entrepreneurs undertake marketing in unusual ways. TheyRead MoreMarketing : The Holistic Marketing Concept1392 Words   |  6 Pages Prior to this class, although I have some experience in a marketing type role, I thought of marketing as the process that was activated post product development and the vehicle to product/service promotion and advertisement to the marketplace. Through this class, I have a greater understanding of marketing, and realize promotion and advertisement is just a fraction of it, and has much more depth. Marketing begins at the beginning, and is integrated through to the end of the life cycle. It hasRead MoreMarketing Concept Report : Marketing Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Concept Report The world today has become a global village, and this has necessitated better marketing strategies to ensure the success of any business. Marketing has become very dynamic with many plans that are all designed to ensure a business survives in its market in this day of fierce competition. The markets have become a place of change or die, and that is why there are so many strategies such as segmentation, customer satisfaction, and consumer relationship management among other

Knowledge About Ionising Radiation Among Dentists Free Essays

Introduction: Dental radiography has evolved over the last decade. The evolution began with the introduction of new changes to the operations of dental radiology. Some examples of these changes include new machines, smaller beam sizes, increased filtration, advanced techniques, faster film speeds and large increases in utilization (White, 1992, 118-26). We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge About Ionising Radiation Among Dentists or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, concerns do remain about the possible adverse effects of dental radiography on humans for several reasons: firstly, these procedures remain the only common type of diagnostic radiography capable of being performed without intensifying screens, requiring concomitantly higher doses. Secondly, the targets to film distance are short. The third reason is the emitted rays are in near to sensitive organs in the head and neck region. These examinations are among the most common diagnostic radiographic procedures performed today. Based on these examinations, previous studies have concluded an increased risk for salivary gland, thyroid, and brain tumors (UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, 2000, Vol.1). Literature Review According to UNSCEAR 2000 Report (European Union, 1997, 22), dental radiography is one of the most frequent types of radiological procedures. Although the exposure associated with dental radiography is relatively low, any radiological procedure should be justi?ed and optimized in order to keep the radiation risk as low as reasonably achievable (Radiation Protection 136). Dose assessment is recommended to be performed on a regular basis to ensure that patient exposure is always kept within the recommended levels and to identify possible equipment malfunction or inadequate technique (Alme’n, Mattsson, 1996, 81-89). With comparison to adults, children have been found to be more radiosensitive (International Commission on Radiological Protection, 1991, Publication 60). Therefore, increased attention is recommended in supervising children to minimize the medical radiation exposure to children. All radiological procedures carried out on children must adapt to special radiation prote ction measures, which aims at recognizing and implementing possible dose reduction strategies in order to eliminate unnecessary and therefore un-justi?ed radiation exposure.It is the responsibility of the health care professional to provide firsthand knowledge to the patients undergoing all radiological procedures and processes. The dentist can answer queries of any patient with regard to radiation hazards, which can be reliable provided their knowledge is adequate and up-to-date. The knowledge related to radiation is taught during undergraduate training in medical colleges. However, dentists grossly underestimated the proper risk regarding proper use of medical imaging tools and their associated radiation risks (International Commission on Radiological Protetion, 1991, Publication 60). On the other hand, the incorrect information about its safety and effectiveness, is made and promoted by some dentists who are paid and sponsored by the manufacturers of these devices to lecture a nd give seminars promoting their products. The conflict of interest does add extra concern about the safety of these products. OBJECTIVES METHODS The objectives of the study will be to: Assesses dentist’s knowledge about ionizing radiations and their hazard on the patient. Identify the level of understanding regarding use of ionizing equipment’s among dentist. METHODS: The research will assess the ionizing radiations knowledge, risk and awareness among dentists in Australia and Jordan. The approach to this assessment will use a survey that will be distributed to 300 dentists. These are some of the questions that I will be asking the dentists: 1-Name (optional) 2- Sex 3- Age 4- Dental school 5- Year graduated 6- Residency 7- Experience 8- Risks associated with ionizing radiation on human tissue 9- Methods of mitigating or preventing ionization radiation during practice 10- Best practices associated with ionizing radiation HYPOTHESIS The null hypothesis or my expected outcome of the survey results is that of the better hospitals, or the institution of allied health care that provide ionization radiation during practice to have dentists that understand the risks better than other doctors. The other doctors are understood to be in practice in less stellar institutions of allied healthcare. The alternative hypothesis is that doctors at the stellar institutions as well as doctors at the lesser institutions are unaware of the risks associated with ionizing radiation. References White SC. assessment of radiation risk from dental radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1992;21(3):118-26. United Nations Scienti?c Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and effect of ionizing radiation. Report Vol. 1 UNSCEAR publications (2000). European Union. Council Directive 97/43 Euratom, on health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation in relation to medical exposures, and repealing Directive 84/466 Euratom. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L180, 22 (1997). Radiation protection 136. European Guidelines on radiation protection in dental radiology: The safe use of radiographs in dental radiology. European Commission publications. Alme?n, A. and Mattsson, S. On the calculation of effective dose to children and adolescents. J. Radiol. Prot. 16(2), 81–89 (1996). International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. (Oxford: Pergamon Press) (1991). How to cite Knowledge About Ionising Radiation Among Dentists, Essay examples

Problem Solving and Teamwork free essay sample

The students who in this group come from different country and the members didn’t know mutually. One of the problems with the teamwork is, however, that a lack of communication can happen. For example, the students have their own language and their English skill is not well, as a result, the students can’t understand all information the group discussed and there were trouble to explain own opinion. Because of this, a lack of motivation to communicate among the members which it has decreased the teamwork efficiency.Another problem is differences in ideas, skills and even beliefs. As the members depended on their own opinion, the debate was fierce. And the group spent more to discussion on one question that there were not enough time to finish all question. Thurs, the result of this assignment got influence. In order to solve the problem there are various strategy that have already been tried in the group. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Solving and Teamwork or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One strategy which was tried to solve the problem of a lack of communicate was to get to know one another.In a group of people get to know mutually help members to recognize valve cultural differences, and so the togetherness of teamwork goes up, the communication of group increase as well. Another measure which the group implemented was to ask for help if needed. The members need to ask for help if needed so as to know all information the group discussed and promote the communication. To prevent teamwork problems there are some solutions that one can apply. One possible solution is to team building exercises. It can open communications among the team and help people clearly define roles of all the team members. It is also a good idea to let people know how to work in teamwork. A second approach might be to agree leadership approach, including decision make process. Leadership plays an important role in group when people have differences in idea, skills and motivations. Considering these point, teamwork is good for the study environment, and promote the development of communication. It will definitely become increasingly significant in many situations at study, at work or at home.

What Is Love Essay Thesis Example For Students

What Is Love? Essay Thesis Presented to: Mrs. ConnellPresented by: Cory HawkeDate: March 26, 1998What is this thing called love? This simple question begs for an answer. The symptoms oflove are familiar enough. A drifting mooniness in ones behavior and thought, the fact that itseems as though the whole universe has rolled itself up into the person of the beloved, somethingso wonderful that no one on earth has ever felt about a fellow creature before. Love is ecstasyand torment, freedom and slavery. Love makes the world go round. Until recently, scientists wanted nothing to do with it. The reason being that love is lifesmost intense feeling and love is mushy. Science is hard. Anger and fear are emotions that havebeen researched in labs and can be quantified through measurements. Pulse and breathing rates,muscle contractions, etc. Love cannot be charted or measured. Anger and fear have a definiteroll in human survival: fighting or running. Love does not. And since it is possible for humans tomate and reproduce without love, all the swooning and sighing is beside the point. We will write a custom essay on What Is Love? Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Up until the past decade, serious scientists assumed that love was all in the head. Now theresearch has become more intense. This may be because of the spreading of AIDS and that casualsex carries mortal risks. Others point to the growing number of female scientists and suggest thatthey may be more willing then their male colleagues to take love seriously. Whatever the reason,science has come around to a view that romance is real. That it is bred into our biology. We have always been influenced by love in our culture. It is a dominant theme in music,television, films, novels and magazines. It is a commercial bliss. People will do or buy anythingwith a promise of romance. Does this imply that love is just a false emotion that we picked up after years of it beingdrilled into our head again and again by society? If romance was purely a figment, unsupportedby any rational or sensible evidence, then surely most would be immune to it by now. But thathas not happened. Love is still in the air. In 1992 a study was conducted by anthropologists William Jankowiak and EdwardFischer. They found evidence of romantic love in at least 147 or the 166 cultures studied. Thisdiscovery should be enough to wipe out the idea that love is an invention of the mind rather than abiological fact. Among the things that anthropologists tended to do in the past was ask questions aboutthe courtship and marriage rituals. This turned out to be the wrong way of going about thin gs. Inmany cultures, love and marriage do not go together. Weddings can have all the romance ofcorporate mergers, signed and sealed for the family or territorial interests. More and more scientists are coming to believe that love is truly a biologicalpredisposition. That we are all scientifically fated to love by our genes and chemicals. A lot ofpeople would just as soon to not want to know. No one knows exactly how to place this mysterious emotion. It comes in many shapesand forms and different people and cultures celebrate it in different ways. But perhaps it is betterthat we dont know the scientifics and just enjoy it. Why pull at such a beautiful and wonderfulthing and try to pick it apart when to the beholder it is already virtually perfect? The more we try

A Farewell to Arms1 essays

A Farewell to Arms1 essays The book A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway is about the love story of a nurse and a war ridden soldier. The story starts as Frederick Henry is serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future love in the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons. I thought that A Farewell to Arms was a good book because of the symbolism, the plot, and the constant moving of the main The symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is very much apparent. To the main character in novels, nights have always been a sign of death, or something negative to happen. Another one of the symbolisms in A Farewell to Arms is when Henry tries to escape from the Italian army by jumping off one of the ships the army was traveling on and running away from the army. This water symbolized new, clean life that he was going to live from now on. At this time, Henry goes off and finds his wife to be. The plot in A Farewell to Arms was always active. They were never staying in one place too long. It had a very good story line, which was a love story that ended up in a tragedy. The main characters wife got pregnant and she was off to have her baby when problems started occurring. They had to have a cesarean, and the baby dies, and when the mother of the child starts to hemorrhage Henry knows that it was over for his wife and he was right. From the beginning of the book untill the end, the action was up. Ever since the front page Henry was traveling around to different towns so it was not boring for the reader. That made it very interesting for the reader because it was always a new town coming up so you were being introduced in the new characters quite often. As the story goes on , the writer is not introducing as many new people, but they are still traveling around quite a bit. I felt that the authors planning of these types of events in this ...

Strategic Management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management report - Essay Example It is this factor alone that has got it 70% of the US market in 2000 and about 50% share of the market outside the US. Over the last 3 years Gillette has been trying to recover its lost glory that it enjoyed for the decade up to 1997. In 1986 its sales were $ 2.8 billion and rose to $ 9.08 billion in 1987. Since then it has hovered around the $ 9 billion and this stagnation has eroded its stock value but fortunately not its market share. Due to its innovative approach to product development which Gillette has maintained for over a century, it retains market leadership in this segment. Gillette has unsuccessfully tried to add to its product portfolio for over 50 year. The redeeming feature has been the Safety Razor sections for men and women. A SWOT analysis of the product also suggests that this core product range is the company’s real strength. The weakness is the quarterly sales strategy of loading sales to retailers. The opportunity lies in improving its sales strategies. There are really no threats to the company from are competition. While the majority of shares is held in public but a sizable stakeholders are employees, both present and retired ones. The single largest share holder is Buffet Warren who holds about 10% of the company stock. They are worried over the declining stock prices especially since 1997 through 2001. The decline has been sharp from a valuation of $ 4.8 billion to $ 1.9 billion. They need a quick turnaround or they fear the company will be a takeover target once again. Historically Gillette has always scored over the competition primarily due to its customer loyalty which has come about due to its innovations in products. This is its main strength even today. It also has a wide distribution base worldwide and its products range from entry level to premium level catering across all segments of customers. It can therefore rely on its R & D to continue to offer strong product lines in this core sector. It

How the Hip Hop Music Culture Spread Into Eastern Countries Essay

How the Hip Hop Music Culture Spread Into Eastern Countries - Essay Example Through the mandatory learning of the modern English language in Eastern countries during the 80s, to the technological revolution, including the accessibility of the internet and television, hip-hop music has been embraced, as well as evolved, within the East, as well as the rest of the world. Hip hop music originated in the United States of America in the 1970s, primarily in the â€Å"Bronx† in the state of New York in New York City (History, 2011). Though America, back then, was a for the most part considered to have a â€Å"white† majority, with many of its most successful business people being â€Å"white†, hip-hop music was actually created primarily by the African-American and Latino-American cultures (History, 2011) who chose to share their hard life and street experiences as a â€Å"minority† in a primarily â€Å"white† society through the use of â€Å"street poetry†, or â€Å"rap† music, if you will. The rhythm, rhyme and out rageous party themes of hip-hop/rap became so overwhelmingly popular that it drew crowds of all races and ages, especially the youth. However, in several of the Eastern countries, the lack of exposure to the genre caused a delay, especially in Europe, of its acceptance and evolution. Once introduced in America; however, it wasn’t long until the business people of America, regardless of the question of morality or immorality of its themes, realized that hip-hop music and the African-American and Latino-American cultures had the power to make music that could be marketed for a horrendous profit. Underground hip-hop artists and various rappers and â€Å"hip hopsters† began recording and distributing music across America. Though hip hop/rap music was not considered mainstream American music, the artists and their investors were making profits off marketing the â€Å"underground† releases.  

Kinetics: The Iodination of Propanone

Kinetics: The Iodination of Propanone Mary Adesina This individual investigation will be exploring kinetics through experimentation the reaction: This reaction is described as autocatalytic as it is produces the very species that increases the rate of reaction (hydrogen ions7). Background Reactants Iodine is chemical that takes place in the reaction. Iodine is a halogen (group 7 on the periodic table) with a simple molecular covalent structure. Halogens are often diatomic as they have seven electrons on their outer shell (a full shell being eight) so to share electrons would allow them to be stable. Halogens are very electronegative elements meaning they are very likely to attract a bonding pair of electrons. As one if the less reactive halogens Iodine is a grey solid in standard conditions, this is due to it being a bigger so the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and thus harder for the attraction of an electron to form and Halide ion12. The other halogens consist of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Astatine. Fluorine’s physical state is a pale yellow gas as it is the most reactive halogen. However it may not react with propanone in the same way as iodine as it does behave as a very good nucleophile. This is due to fluorine being less ready to share electrons with the electrophilic carbon in propanone. Chlorine’s physical state is a green gas and can be made into a virtually colourless solution but in this particular reaction will produce Chloroacetone (used as tear gas in the war) 10. This would put everyone is the laboratory at risk as tear gas can cause tearing, coughing and sneezing but inflaming mucous membranes in the eyes, nose and mouth. Changing the type of ketone in the reaction to butanone will prevent this haloketone from being produced, however the new ketone has a different chain length and therefore there is a need to test if there is a significant difference between the rates of the reaction the iodination of propanone and the iodination of butanone. Bromine’s physical state is a red-brown liquid and is yellow/orange in solution that reacts with propanone in a way that is analogous to iodine4. This halogen is more reactive than iodine as thus should result in a faster reaction rate12. Astatine cannot be used in this reaction as it is far too unreactive as well as radioactive. Propanone (also known as acetone) is the most simple of ketones consisting of three carbons. Ketones are formed by refluxing secondary alcohols with acidified Potassium Dichromate Figure 4. Products Iodopropane is produced in the reaction Spectator Ions Theory In order for a reaction to take place particles need to collide, as occurs energy is shifted between them changing the amount of energy they have this is known as Collision Theory13. The distribution of this energy is displayed in a Maxwell-Boltzmann Curve Figure 2. The factors that have positive correlation with the rate constant3 and therefore effect the rate of a reaction do so because they affect the number of collisions (concentration) or the energy that each particle possesses (temperature) because this effects the number of particles that possess the activation energy (the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place)13. Catalysts also affect the rate of reaction by providing an alternative route for the reaction to occur; this route has a lower activation energy than the original reaction Figure 2 meaning more particles have enough energy to react thus increasing the reaction rate. If a reaction has a great activation energy, the increase in temperature will have a large effect on the rate of reaction whereas if this activation energy was smaller, the change in temperature will be far less significant. This suggests that there is a relationship between reaction rate, temperature and activation energy. Due to this relationship the Arrhenius equation, using the ‘temperature dependence of the rate constant’ 13(k Figure 1), is applied to calculate activation energy of reaction via deriving a form of that fits y=mx+c (taking the natural logarithm). Rate of reaction is defined as the speed at which reactants are formed into products or change in concentration over time taking into consideration the factors that affect it such as surface area, temperature and concentration13. There are many ways of measuring the concentration during a reaction but some are more efficient depending on the property that changes during the reaction. For example, the original reaction being investigated, the iodination of propanone, has an obvious colour change so a technique that detects absorbance (Colorimetry) would be a more efficient than measuring loss of mass when there is no gas released3. With many techniques there arises the need to convert a particular property to concentration, in order to do so a calibration curve is needed. This curve is created by selecting known concentrations and measuring the level or amount of the property associated with the reaction and then drawing a property-concentration curve Figure x. Although it may be referred to as a curve more often than not it turns out to be rather linear as the concentrations used are rather low as the reactions would occur far too quickly if they were any higher, also high concentrations tend to have a higher hazard. It is only through practical experiments that a rate equation giving the order of reactants can be written5. 0 order: Changing the concentration of this species has no effect on the rate of reaction. 1st order: The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. 2nd order: As the concentration doubles the rate of reaction quadruples (exponential relationship). The overall order of a reaction is calculated by adding the orders of each species Figure 1. The order of a reaction with respect to A shows the number of molecules of A which are involved in the rate determining step. As a result of this a mechanism can be suggested if the rate equation is known as if the reactant is not in the rate equation it cannot feature in the rate determining step. The rate determining step is the slowest step in the reaction and thus it is responsible for the rate of the overall reaction. This step can be first or last (Bottleneck effect) and it would make no difference on the overall reaction rate. Aims Explore the effects of different catalysts on the rate of the reaction and thus the activation energy. After finding the rate equation for the original equation, the same experiment will be carried out with catalysts sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid then with no catalyst (see reactions below). The activation energy can then be calculated via finding the different rates of reaction and thus the different values of the rate constant. This is all assuming the spectator ions have no effect on the reaction. Explore the effects of changing the type of halogen on the rate of the reaction. The chosen halogens are Bromine and Chlorine. The following are the reactions that are going to take place as a result (respectively). Use rate equation to propose a rate determining step and explore a suggested mechanism. If time permits exploring a suggested mechanism may consist of testing the presence of a product of one of the steps in the mechanism. Techniques Colorimetry This technique will be used to calculate the order of the reaction between iodine and propanone. This technique will also be used to measure the rates of the reactions between: Iodine and propanone Iodine and butanone Bromine and propanone Hypothesis: Although the ketones propanone and butanone have different formulas, the difference between the rates of reactions will be negligible and therefore the results for the reaction between chlorine with butanone and chlorine with propanone are more or less similar. Equipment List Chemical List 9 Boiling Tubes 10ml Pipette Spark Data logger Pipette Filler Colorimeter 20ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine 10ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Bromine 20ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 10ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Butanone 30ml 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL Distilled water Calibration Curve Set up the colorimeter according to the instructions. Place a cuvette full of distilled water inside the colorimeter and press the zero the button. Select a suitable filter (gives your greatest concentration an absorption of close to one). Make up 0.04, 0.016, 0.004, 0.0016, 0.0004, and 0.00016 mol dm-3 of iodine solution in test tubes by adding distilled water. Label each test tube. Place 6 ml 0.04 mol dm-3 of iodine solution in a cuvette and record the absorbance Do the same for each of the other concentrations. Draw a calibration curve by placing known concentrations of iodine solution in the colorimeter and recording the absorption. Only repeat the concentrations that don’t seem to fit in the curve. Method: To achieve Aim 1 Attach data logger to collect data automatically. Place a cuvette full of distilled water inside the colorimeter and press the zero the button. Select a suitable filter (gives your greatest concentration an absorption of close to one). Mix sample A, sample B and 2 ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL in a cuvette (add sample A last). Immediately place cuvette inside the colorimeter and start recording absorbance at time intervals of 30 seconds for 6 minutes using the data logger. Repeat Steps 2 to 5 two more times and calculate an average. Use calibration curve to convert absorbance to concentration then draw a concentration-time graph. Sample A Sample B Experiment 1 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone Experiment 2 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Butanone Experiment 3 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Bromine 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone Method: To achieve Aim 3 (Determine a rate equation) Attach data logger to collect data automatically. Place a cuvette full of distilled water inside the colorimeter and press the zero the button. Select a suitable filter (gives your greatest concentration an absorption of close to one). Add sample A, sample B and sample C in a cuvette. Immediately after adding Xml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine sol, place the cuvette inside the colorimeter. Start recording absorbance at time intervals of 30 seconds for 6 minutes using the data logger. Repeat Steps 2 to 6 two more times and calculate an average. Sample A Sample B Sample C X Experiment 1 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 3.3ml distilled water 0.9 Experiment 2 1.8ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 2.4ml distilled water 0.9 Experiment 3 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 1.8ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 2.4ml distilled water 0.9 Experiment 4 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 2.4ml distilled water 1.8 Use calibration curve to convert absorbance to concentration then draw a concentration-time graph. Conductivity Meter11 This technique will be used to measure and compare the reaction rates of the iodination of propanone with a different catalysts. Hypothesis: The catalyst with the most hydrogen ions available will have the fastest reaction of rate and thus the lowest activation energy. This is assuming the spectator ions have no effect on the conductivity meter. Equipment List Chemical List 100ml Beaker Conductivity Meter 10ml Pipette Pipette filler 2 Water baths Kettle/Bunsen Burner Test tubes 220cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 120cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 60cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 H2SO4 220cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 HNO3 220cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 Iodine Distilled water Method: To achieve Aim 3 (Effect of catalysts on activation energy) Make two water baths (one large one small) at X degrees Celsius using a kettle and tap water. Label 2 test tubes A and B then fill with 9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone and 9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine respectively. X Experiment 1 10 Experiment 2 20 Experiment 3 30 Experiment 4 40 Experiment 5 50 Experiment 6 60 Label 3 more test tubes X,Y and Z then fill with 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 H2SO4 , 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL and 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HNO3 respectively. Place all of the test tubes in the small water bath for 2 minutes. Place a beaker in the large water bath. Pour 3 ml from test tubes A and X into the beaker. Place conductivity probe in the beaker and adjust settings to consider the temperature of the water bath. Add 3ml from test tube B into the beaker. Start conductivity probe and record the conductivity every 30 seconds for 6 minutes. Repeat steps 6 to 9 but using the contents of test tube Y. Repeat steps 6 to 9 but using the contents of test tube Z. Repeat steps 1 to 11 two more times and calculate an average. Titration9, 12 14 This technique will be used to measure the decrease in concentration of chlorine water throughout the reaction between chlorine solution and butanone in order to find the initial rate of reaction. As chlorine solution is virtually colourless it would be more effective to conduct an analysis that doesn’t rely on a colour change. A Redox titration will be used to measure the decrease in iodine concentration to ensure that the technique used to collect data doesn’t have a significant effect on the results. Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate will be used to quench the reaction as it removes the hydrogen ions from the reaction. Silver Nitrate Titration: The chloride ions produced by the reaction will react with the silver nitrate to form a white precipitate (silver chloride). The end-point of the titration is a red precipitate caused by silver chloride reacting with the Sodium Chromate to form Silver Chromate(VI). Redox Titration: The iodide ions produced by the reaction will oxidise the Sodium Thiosulphate, so the thiosulphate ions become tetrathionate ions in a redox reaction. The solution will gradually start to go from brown to almost pale yellow. When this happens the starch indicator is added and reacts with triiodide forming a very dark blue-black complex. The end point is when this solution becomes colourless because it means that there is no longer any iodine left. Hypothesis: As Chlorine is more reactive than Iodine, the rate of the reaction should be faster. This is assuming that the technique has no significant effect on the results gained in this experiment. Equipment List Chemical List Distilled Water 2 Conical Flasks Test tubes A White Tile Stopwatch Beaker White paper 50 ml of 1 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Sodium Chromate 50 ml Silver Nitrate 100ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Chlorine Butanone Calibration Curve for Chlorine Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Mark white sheet of paper with a large black cross. Make up 10ml of 0.04, 0.016, 0.004, 0.0016, 0.0004, and 0.00016 mol dm-3 Chlorine solution in test tubes by adding distilled water. Label each test tube. For each test tube: Pour the contents of the test tube into a conical flask along with 1g Sodium Chromate dissolved in 20 ml distilled water. Place conical flask on white sheet under burette. Fill a burette with a recorded amount of 0.1 mol dm-3 Silver Nitrate solution. Add drops of Silver Nitrate solution into the solution, swirling after every few drops, there will be a white precipitate formed. Add more drops until the cross is no longer visible due to a brick red precipitate forming. Record the new amount of Silver Nitrate in the burette. Repeat steps 3 to 10 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Method: To achieve Aim 1 (Reaction rate of Chlorine and Butanone) X Experiment 1 1 Experiment 2 1.5 Experiment 3 2 Experiment 4 2.5 Experiment 5 3 Experiment 6 3.5 Experiment 7 4 Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Mark white sheet of paper with a large black cross. Mix 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Butanone, 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL and 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Chlorine in a conical flask. After X minutes add 3ml of 1 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to quench the reaction. Add 1g Sodium Chromate dissolved in 20 ml distilled water to the conical flask. Place conical flask on a white sheet under burette. Fill a burette with a recorded amount of 0.1 mol dm-3 Silver Nitrate solution. Add drops of Silver Nitrate solution into the solution, swirling after every few drops, there will be a white precipitate formed. Add more drops until the cross is no longer visible due to a brick red precipitate forming. Repeat steps 3 to 9 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Use calibration curve to obtain a concentration-time graph. Calibration Curve for Iodine Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Make up 10 ml of 0.04, 0.016, 0.004, 0.0016, 0.0004, and 0.00016 mol dm-3 iodine solution in test tubes by adding distilled water. Label each test tube. For each test tube: Pour the contents of the test tube into a conical flask. Add 3ml of Starch indicator to the conical flask. Fill a burette with Sodium Thiosulphate, recording the amount. Add drops of Sodium Thiosulphate into the solution, swirling after every few drops until there is a permanent colour change from a Black-Blue to colourless. Record the new amount of Sodium Thiosulphate in the pipette. Repeat steps 1 to 7 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Method: To achieve Aim 1 (Reaction rate of Iodine and Propanone) Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Mix 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone, 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL and 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine in a conical flask. X Experiment 1 1 Experiment 2 1.5 Experiment 3 2 Experiment 4 2.5 Experiment 5 3 Experiment 6 3.5 Experiment 7 4 After X minutes add 3ml of 1 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to quench the reaction. Add 3ml of Starch Indicator to the solution. Fill a burette with Sodium Thiosulphate, recording the amount. Add drops of Sodium Thiosulphate into the solution, swirling after every few drops until there is a permanent colour change from Blue-Black to colourless. Record the new amount of Sodium Thiosulphate in the pipette. Repeat steps 1 to 7 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Use calibration curve to obtain a concentration-time graph. Risk Assessment Chemical/ Procedure Hazard Risk Action if Occurred Precautions Risk Likelihood (out of 10) Colorimetry Titration (Precipitation) Use of a Conductivity Meter Propanone Butanone Iodine Chlorine Bromine Hydrochloric Acid Sulphuric Acid Nitric Acid Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Iodopropanone Chlorobutanone Bromopropanone Iodine/Bromide /Chloride ions Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chromate Starch Indicator Sodium Thiosulphate 1 | Page

The Micromax Mobile Phone

[pic] X560 User Manual INTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing this Micromax mobile phone. To obtain the best performance of your phone, please read this user manual carefully. Table of Contents 1Safety4 1. 1 Safety Precautions4 2Introduction5 2. 1Phone and Accessories5 2. 2To Lock/Unlock6 2. 3Your Phone6 2. 4About your phone6 2. 5About SIM Card and the Battery6 2. 6To switch ON and OFF7 3Phonebook7 3. 1To Add a contact7 3. 2To View a contact7 3. 3To Call a contact7 3. 4To Edit a contact7 3. 5To Delete a contact8 3. 6To Copy a contact to phone memory8 3. 7To Move a contact8 3. 8Send a contact8 . 9Add to Blacklist8 3. 10Caller groups8 3. 11Phonebook settings8 4Calling9 4. 1Call waiting9 4. 2Call Barring9 4. 3Call divert9 5Call Logs10 5. 1Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls10 6Messages10 6. 1Write SMS10 6. 2SMS Inbox10 6. 3SMS Draftbox11 6. 4SMS Outbox11 6. 5Sent items11 6. 6Archive12 6. 7Delete Messages12 6. 8Templates12 6. 9Message settings12 6. 10EMAIL12 6. 11Broadc ast Message13 7Phone & Call Settings14 7. 1Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings14 8User Profiles15 8. 1User Profile Setup15 9Entertainment16 9. 1Camera16 9. 2Image Viewer16 . 3Video Recorder16 9. 4Video Player17 9. 5Music Player17 9. 6Photo editor17 9. 7Sound Recorder18 9. 8Slide show18 9. 9FM Radio18 10Fun & Games18 10. 1Games18 11Bluetooth18 11. 1To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity19 11. 2To Search/Inquire Audio Device19 11. 3To Search My (new) device19 11. 4Active Device19 11. 5Settings19 12Organizer19 13File Manager20 14WAP & JAVA Services21 14. 1WAP Browser21 14. 2WAP Setup21 14. 3Java21 15STK22 15. 1STK Services22 16Inputting Text22 17Phone Suite22 18Maintenance23 19Taking Care of your Device24 20After Services25 Safety 1. 1 Safety Precautions Please read through the following briefings carefully, and act in accordance with these rules, so as to prevent causing any danger or violating any law. Safe driving 1) Do not use the phone while driving. When you have to use the phone, please use the personal hands-free kit. 2) Please put the phone safely in the phone stand. Do not put it onto any passenger seat or any place from which it may fall down in case of vehicular collision or emergency braking. Turn off during a flight: Flight is influenced by interference caused by the phone. It is illegal to use a phone on the airplane. Please turn off your phone during a flight. Turn off the phone when within an area where blasting takes place: Be sure to strictly observe the related laws and statutes by turning off the phone when you are within, or in the vicinity of, an area where blasting takes place. Turn off the phone when any dangerous goods are in vicinity: Please turn off your phone when you are close to a gas station or in the vicinity of any place where fuel and chemical preparations, or any other dangerous goods are stored. In hospital: Please obey the related rules or bylaws of the hospital when using your phone in a hospital. Be sure to turn off your phone when near any medical equipment. Your use of any wireless transmission equipment, inclusive of the phone, will interfere with any medical equipment that is not protected fully, and other electronic equipment items, too. Should you have any question in this regard, please consult a related physician or medical equipment supplier. Interference: Each and every phone’s performance may be affected due to radio interference. Professional service: The phone must be installed or repaired by no other personnel than professionals. You are likely to suffer a huge risk when you install or repair this phone by yourself, which also goes against the warranty rules. Fittings and battery: You shall use the fittings and battery acknowledged by the phone manufacturer only. Using unauthorized accessories may tamper the warranty of the device. Emergency call: You may enter a telephone number (112, etc. ) to ask for emergency help after making sure that the phone has been turned on and is in the service status. Press the Send Key to call out. Disclaimer: Micromax will not bear any responsibility for any incompliance with the above mentioned guidelines or improper usage of the mobile phone. Micromax keeps the right to make modifications to any of the content here in this user guide without public announcement in advance. The content of this manual may vary from the actual content displayed in the mobile phone. In such a case, the latter shall govern. Introduction 1 Phone and Accessories Open the packing box of the phone and check that you have the Phone, Standard Charger, Standard Battery, USB cable, Earphone, Service Guide, Software CD, Leather pouch and Warranty Card. 2 To Lock/Unlock To unlock your phone (if auto keypad is enabled), press the small button on the top side of the phone. Or to unlock the phone slide up on the message displayed on the screen. 4 Your Phone [pic][pic] 5 About your phone Micromax X560 is a complete Touch phone. The main display of your phone is divided into 2 screens, slide your finger across the phone to change to the other screen to view more features. You can also change wallpapers by simply sliding your finger across the screen and choose from a wide range of interesting wallpapers. 6 About SIM Card and the Battery Please store the cards out of children’s reach. The card and the contacts are vulnerable to damage due to scratching or bending. Therefore, be careful when using, inserting or removing the cards. Be sure to switch off the phone before you insert or remove the battery or the card, otherwise, the phone may be damaged. Tips: The battery icon [pic] displayed on the screen indicates that the battery power is low. Please charge the battery. Please charge the battery before you use the newly purchased phone. We suggest you charge the battery for 4 hours continuously for the first time. Charging when the phone is in the ON mode will not influence the normal dialing and answering, but this needs to consume power, thus the time of charging will increase. We suggest you recharge the battery when the power is used up so as to prolong the life of the battery. 7 To switch ON and OFF To switch ON: Long press End key when the phone is in the OFF mode. If the phone lock has been activated, you need to enter the 4-digit password to unlock. (The preset unlock code is 0000. ) If the SIM card has been inserted in the phone, and the related PIN code protection is activated, you need to enter the 4-8 digit password to unlock. Warning: If you enter three wrong PIN codes in a row, the SIM card will be locked and you need to enter the PUK code to unlock. Both the PIN code and PUK code are provided by the network operator. To switch OFF: In the standby mode, press the key on the top side of the phone to power on and off. Phonebook You can store names and phone numbers in the memory of the phone or SIM card. Menu > Phonebook 1 To Add a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>New Or in idle, tap on the calling icon to enter phone numbers and save a contact. 2 To View a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>View In the contact list of the Phonebook, select to view the required name card 3 To Call a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Call View the contact number to make calls 4 To Edit a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>edit Allows you to edit a contact 5 To Delete a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Delete Allows you to delete a contact 6 To Copy a contact to phone memory Menu>Phonebook>Options>Copy Copy the contact to the phone memory 7 To Move a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Move Move a contact from the phone to the SIM memory or vice-versa 8 Send a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Send contact Allows you to send a contact via message, MMS, email or Bluetooth 9 Add to Blacklist Menu>Phonebook>Options>Add to blacklist Add the contact to the blacklist 10 Caller groups Menu > Phonebook > Options>Caller groups To view the ‘caller groups’ folder tap on the fourth key above- to select the group to be set in the preset groups mentioned in the phone. Like- Friends, family, colleagues, others and more. 11 Phonebook settings Menu > Phonebook > Options>Phonebook settings †¢ Choose phonebook view- Choose a location to save your contacts in †¢ Speed dial- Choose numbers from your contact list and put them under the speed dial list †¢ My number- View your number vCard version- View the vCard version †¢ Extra numbers- View SIM1, SIM2 or SOS numbers †¢ Phonebook backup- Allows you to import & export contacts to and from the phonebook. †¢ Memory status-View the used and available phone & SIM memory †¢ Copy contacts- Allows you to copy a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa †¢ Move contacts- Allows you to mo ve a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa †¢ Delete all contacts- Delete all the contacts from SIM or phone memory Calling Note: Once you attend a call your phone will display a series of functions from you to choose from. For example- Mute, Send message, Hold call and more. Choose anyone feature to carry out the desired functions. 1 Call waiting Menu > Settings > Call settings>Call Waiting This function allows you to put the current call on hold and then answer a second one. If, during a call, a new call comes in, you will hear a special alert sound and the screen will display the number of the new incoming call, which indicates that a third-party call is coming in and waiting for to answer. 2 Call Barring Menu > Settings > Call settings >Call Barring The function is a GSM network service and can restrict outgoing and incoming calls selectively. If you need to change the settings of Restrict Calls, please contact your network operator to obtain the password for opening this service. 3 Call divert Menu > Settings > Call settings> Call divert With the Call Divert function (needs network support), you may divert incoming calls to another mobile phone or a direct line telephone, but not to any extensions of a fixed telephone. Call Logs 1 Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls Press the keys displayed on top of the screen to view> All calls/Dialed calls / Received calls/ Missed calls You may select View: View the desired entry Call: Call the desired entry Save to Phonebook: to save the number to the Phonebook Edit: to edit the number to dial or save to the phonebook. Send message: To write SMS/MMS to send to the number. Delete: To delete the entry. Delete All: Delete all the registered entry in one go. Call timer: View the call timers for the last/received/dialed calls or reset Call cost: View the call costs Messages 1 Write SMS Menu > Messages > Write SMS/MMS Write the content of the SMS Send to: Add contact number Input Method: select Smart abc/Numeric etc Add picture: Add a desired picture in the message you want to send as an MMS Add sound: Add a desired sound in the message you want to send as an MMS Add video: Add a desired video in the message you want to send as an MMS Add subject: Add a desired subject in the MMS message Slide Options: Allows you to add a slide ‘before/after in the current mms. Swtich to MMS: Allows you to switch from SMS to MMS, manually. Advanced: Insert text template/Insert attachment/contact number/insert contact name (embellish the characters of text)/ Insert bookmark. Save: Save the mms/sms Details: View the details of the MMS/SMS 2 SMS Inbox Menu > Messages > Inbox To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading a SMS, you can select Options > View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Reply: Reply to the message received. Call sender: Call on the number from which the SMS was received. Forward: Forward the entry to others. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Save to Phonebook: Allows you to save the number from which the sms was received to the phonebook. Mark as read: Mark the received SMS as ‘read’ ? Advanced: Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. SMS Draftbox Menu > Messages > Drafts View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Send: Send the message saved in drafts Edit: Allows you to edit the SMS received. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the message s stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 4 SMS Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. Menu > Messages > Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading an SMS, you can select Options > View: View the message saved in outbox Resend: Select how to send. Edit: Edit the message. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 5 Sent items Menu>Messages>Sent items View the messages sent by you to other numbers Menu > Messages > Sent messages View: View sent messages. Forward: Forward the sent messages Delete: Delete a message in the sent items folder Delete All: Delete all messages in the sent items folder Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 6 Archive Menu>Messages>Archive Allows you to save messages received in your inbox into this archive folder. 7 Delete Messages Menu>Messages>Delete messages Delete messages from the following folders: Inbox, Drafts, Outbox, Sent messages, Archive, All messages 8 Templates Menu>Messages>Templates>SMS Templates/MMS Templates The phone has preset frequently used phrases which may be selected and added to the text when you are editing SMS. Preset phrases may be modified. 9 Message settings Menu>Messages>Messages settings SMS Settings Menu>Messages>Message settings>SMS settings Profile settings- †¢ Voicemail server †¢ Common settings- Set to receive Delivery reports, Reply path, Save Sent message. †¢ Memory status †¢ Preferred storage MMS Settings Menu>Messages>Message settings>MMS settings †¢ Profiles- Select a profile from the available network profiles. †¢ Common setting- Select to compose, send, retrieve or view the memory status. 10 EMAIL E-Mail Before use, you need to set the e-mail i n the â€Å"E-mail accounts† menu. Via this menu, you can receive and send e-mail.  ¦ Send and Receive: You can send/receive the e-mail from the specified mailbox. Write Email: You can edit e-mails.  ¦ Inbox: You can see the received e-mails.  ¦ Outbox: You can see the sent e-mails.  ¦ Sent: You can view send e-mails.  ¦ Drafts: You can see the drafts in the specified mailbox.  ¦ Clear mailbox: You can clear the e-mails in the specified mailbox, including inbox, outbox, sent e-mail backup and drafts, or clear all e-mails.  ¦ Delete marked emails: You can change the status of all e-mails to deleting status.  ¦ Email accounts: You can set up you new account.  ¦ Templates: you can pre-edit some common phrases, which is convenient for quick editing. Incoming Server: You can set the server parameters for the received e-mails, including Incoming server, Incoming port, user name and password etc. o Signature: You can set it On or Off and edit the signature. The fir st step in using email on your mobile phone is to define your email account’s settings so that your mobile phone knows which server to contact and to login using the correct credentials. TO CONFIGURE A NEW EMAIL ACCOUNT: Go to: †¢ Email >Email accounts> Options >New Account> Start to create account >Email address >Options >Next > Select email protocol (‘POP3’ or ‘IMAP- as per the account settings). Next >Select Data account (as per the SIM connection) > Incoming Server (edit email incoming server as per the account standard settings). †¢ Next > Outgoing Server (edit email outgoing server as per the account standard settings) >User Name > Password > Account Name > Options > Done (email account is created) †¢ Go to- Created email account >Options > Edit (user can edit email account settings if required) †¢ Advance Settings > Outgoing Sever > Outgoing Port (Input correct outgoing port according to the email configuration). Advance Settings > Incoming Server > Incoming Port (Input correct incoming port according to the email configuration) †¢ Go to- Configured email account > Options > Activate Your email account is now created! 11 Broadcast Message Menu > Messages > Broadcast Message The phone supports Broadcast Message. It is supported by GSM network. Broadcast messages are single-way messages sent to the users of the network operators by the message service center. For the contents and channel setup of broadcast messages, consult your network operator. Phone & Call Settings Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings |Functions |Description | |Set time and date |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Time and date | |Schedule power on/off |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Schedule power on/off | | |To disable and enable status; to activate/deactivate, switch on/off, and time in turn. |Select language |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Language | |Set Display setup |Menu > Settings > Phone se ttings gt; Display Setup > Wallpaper/Screen saver/Show date and | | |time/LCD backlight/ Show owner number | |Set Greeting text |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Greeting Text | |Auto update of date and time On/Off |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Auto update of date and time | |Set Caller ID |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1/2 call settings>Caller ID | |Set Call waiting |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings>Call  waiting | |Set call Divert |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings> Call Divert Tip: You can select | | |Cancel all divert to cancel all the divert settings. | |Set Call Barring |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings> Call Barring. Restrict Calls is | | |a GSM network service. Please contact your network operator to obtain the password for | | |opening this service. |Set the Blacklist |Menu > Settings > Call settings > Advance settings>Blacklist | |Reject by SMS |Menu > Settings > Call settings > Advance sett ings>Reject by SMS | | |Reject a call by SMS | |Select network |Menu > Settings > Network settings >SIM 1-2 network settings | | |New Search: The phone will select a new network automatically. | | |Select Network: The phone will search and display the list of known networks for you to | | |select the desired one, after which, the phone will try to log in the selected network. | | |If the selected network is registered successfully, it will prompt so. | |Set information of GPRS Connection |Menu > Connectivity> Data account>GPRS/GSM Data | |WIFI Menu>WIFI | | |Enable the WiFi connection in your phone to gain access to internet at any WiFi enabled | | |location | |Restore factory default |Menu > Settings > Restore factory settings | | |Tip: You need to enter the phone password when you want to restore factory default. The | | |preset phone password is 0000. Please bear your password in mind. Incase you forget it, | | |contact the local dealer or an authorized service center. | User Profiles 1 User Profile Setup Functions |Description | |Activate the profile mode |Menu > Settings> User profiles > Desired mode>Options > Activate | |Set the ringtone for incoming calls |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> SIM1-2 Incoming call | |Set the ringtone for messages |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> SIM1-2 message tone | |Set the ringtone for key pad tone |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> Keypad tone | |Adjust the volume of Ring Tone / Key |Menu > Settings > User profiles >Customize> Volume | |Tone | | |Set Alert Type of ringing |Menu> Settings > User profiles> Customize >Alert type | |Set the ring type |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Ring type | |Set the Extra Tone |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Extra tone | |Set the answer mode |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Answer mode | Entertainment 1 Camera Menu > Camera Tap on the screen to view various functions. From Settings choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task Photos: View the images clicked. Camera settings: Set EV, Banding, delay timer, shutter sound, contrast and cont. shot, Image settings: Set the size and quality of photos. White balance: Set White Balance. Scene mode: Set scene mode. Effect settings: Set the special effects of photos, such as Grayscale, Sepia, Sepia Green and Colour Invert. Storage: Select phone or memory card. Restore default: Restore default settings. 2 Image Viewer Menu > Image viewer On the Image viewer list screen, open the image and select Options> View: View the highlighted photo. Edit: Edit the image Browse style: Select the style of viewing. Send: Send the photo by MMS or Bluetooth, Email Use as: Set the highlighted photo as wallpaper, screen saver, or the photo caller ID of a Phonebook entry. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Storage: Select phone or memory card. 3 Video Recorder Menu>Video Recorder Choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task- Camcorder settings: set White Balance, EV, Night Mode and Banding. Video settings: Set video settings as per your requirement White balance: Set white balance Video settings: Set the Video Quality, File size limit, Rec time limit, and record audio. Effect settings: Set the special effects, such as Grayscale, Sepia, and Sepia Green etc. Restore default: Restore default settings. 4 Video Player Menu > Video player On the video player list screen, select Options > Send: Send the video by MMS or Bluetooth. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Streaming URL: Allows you to browse sites like Youtube, Google. This feature is a network dependant service. Profile: Choose and activae a desired profile. Storage: Select phone or memory card. YouTube You can now watch videos on your phone on the popular YouTube site. Menu>Video Player>Streaming URL>Predefined>YouTube Note: This service is network dependant. Please get in touch with your network operator for the desired settings. 5 Music Player Menu > Music To add songs in your phone either add them from the phone memory or select the memory card by going to – Music player>Settings>Player settings> Pre playlist (Phone/Memory card) Playlists: Allows you to make a playlist and add songs in it either from the phone memory or the memory card. All tracks: Allows you to view all the tracks Recently played: View a list of the recently played songs Most played: View the most played songs. Recently added: View the list of recently added songs Artists: Add the artist name Albums: Add the album name Genres: Add a genre/type to your songs Refresh list: Refresh the playlist Nxp Equalizer: Add sound effects to your songs. Choose from a number of exciting effects like: bassbooster, Classical, Dance, Flat, Folk, Heavymetal, Hiphop, Jazz, Piano, Pop, Rock, Spokenworkd, Symphony, Theater, Treblebooster, Latin, Vocalbooster, Bassreducer, Treblereduces & Normal. Settings: †¢ Player settings †¢ Display settings †¢ Sound effects 6 Photo editor Menu> Photo editor Allows you to resize the images stored in your phone 7 Sound Recorder Menu > Sound recorder On the Sound Recorder list screen, you can select: Play: Play the recorded sound Append: Add a sound Rename: Rename the highlighted recording. Delete: Delete the highlighted recording. Delete all files: Delete all the recordings from the list. Use as: Send the highlighted record to the ringtone list for profiles. Send: Send the highlighted record by MMS, Bluetooth or Email. 8 Slide show Menu> Slide show Allows you to view images as a slide show. 9 FM Radio Menu > FM radio To search channels- Options> >Auto search To save the channel list- Select one or all channels and add them to the channel list. To change channels- Long press on the ‘>’ key to change to the next channel Fun & Games 1 Games Menu > Games Your phone has many preloaded exciting games in it. Choose the game you wish to play and cross various levels to set the ultimate highest score. Bluetooth You can connect wirelessly to other compatible device with Bluetooth technology. Compatible devices may include computers, mobile phones. You can use Bluetooth connectivity to send images, music and sound clips, video clips, and notes. Since devices with Bluetooth wireless technology communicate using radio waves, your device and the other devices need to be within a range of 10 meters from each other, but the connection may be subject to interference or could face obstruction from stuff such as wall or from other electronic devices. Use the wireless technology of Bluetooth to be able to consume battery quantity of electric charge. If you are restricted by something when using Bluetooth technology, consult your local Micromax support/service station. 1 To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity Menu > Connectivity>Bluetooth > Power(On/Off) 2 To Search/Inquire Audio Device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > Inquiry audio device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. To Search My (new) device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > My device > Inquiry new device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 4 Active Device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > Active Device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 5 Settings Me nu > Connectivity>Bluetooth > Settings View the following options to change/edit the Bluetooth settings- Visibility- Switch ON/OFF to display your Bluetooth device visbility Device name- Edit your Bluetooth device display name Receive folder- View items received via Bluetooth in the phone/SIM memory Device information- View details about your Bluetooth device. Organizer Functions |Description | |View the calendar |Menu > Calendar | |Notes |Menu > Notes | |Tasks |Menu > Tasks | |Set the alarm |Menu > Alarm > Edit | |World clock |Menu > Applications>World clock | |Calculator |Menu > Calculator | |Unit converter |Menu > Applications>Currency converter | |Text reader |Menu > Applications>Text reader | File Manager When a USB cable is connected, you can use the phone as a USB mass storage. |Functions |Description | |View folders |Menu > File manager> Options > Open> View folders in phone or SIM memory | |Format |Menu > File manager > Options > Format | WAP & JAVA Services 1 WAP Browser Menu > Connectivity > WAP You need to make the relevant settings in WAP Setup before you use the WAP browser to surf the web. When the WAP browser is activated, if a homepage is set in WAP Setup, the phone will link the website indicated by the homepage; otherwise, you may enter a website and the phone will connect to it. When surfing the web, select Options > Refresh: To refresh the web page. Homepage: To link the homepage. Input URL: input a website address. Add Bookmark: Add to bookmark. Set Homepage: set the URL as homepage. Forward/Backward: To turn to the next /previous page. Advance: Show URL info, Bookmark, Save item. Exit: To exit the browser. 2 WAP Setup WAP settings are required for surfing the web with WAP. Follow the steps below to set up a WAP account: †¢ Connectivity > Data Account > GPRS > Add account > Add account name/ APN/ Username & password > Save. Then go to: Menu >Connectivity > WAP >Settings > Profiles > Add new > Account Name/ Homepage/ Data Account (select the previously created data account) > Select connection type (HTTP/WAP- Indise HTTP & WAP ener the correct proxy address & port > Done > Save the account >Go to the created account & activate. Menu > Connectivity> WAP> Settings>Profile You can set the following: Account: To select from the GPRS connection list. Connection type: To set WAP or HTTP connection mode. Home page: To set the address of the homepage. The phone has a default and you can modify it. 3 Java Menu > Applications>Java You can install Java applications to enhance the multimedia function. It also allows you to connect to Snaptu, Nimbuzz and Operamini as well. Java settings Menu > Connectivity>JAVA settings STK 1 STK Services If your SIM card supports STK, you may use the corresponding value-added services. Inputting Text You can enter text in English and digit. Phone Suite Connect your phone and PC via the USB cable> Select COM Port PhoneSuite provides various functionalities for users to manage the documents in their mobile phone easily on a PC. It will communicate with mobile phone via serial communication or Bluetooth. †¢ Phonebook is used to manage the contacts information between the mobile phone and the PC folder. In addition to adding, editing and deleting contacts, users can get a backup of the phonebook database on the PC folder †¢ Message helps users to read, edit nd send SMS/EMS messages directly from PC. Besides, you can create personal folders to categorize all messages on the PC side. †¢ Settings: contains the system-related settings and message default settings. Users also can set whether they want to import contact list from other software or not here. †¢ Images: is us ed to draw images of various file types, and transport the images between the PC and mobile phone. It also provides clip, mirror and rotate functions to reach user's expectation. †¢ Melody: provides a easier way to compose your own melody through the staff graphic interface. It also provides the functions to transport the melodies between PC and mobile phone. MMS Message: helps users to read, edit MMS messages directly from PC. Users also can transport MMS messages between PC and mobile phone. †¢ File Manager provides a friendly interface for users to manage their files between the PC and the mobile phone. Functionalities of â€Å"copy†, â€Å"paste†, â€Å"delete†, â€Å"rename† and â€Å"new folder† are provided in the out tool. Besides, File Manager also supports local java installation from PC side. Maintenance Use a dry soft cloth to wipe general dirt. Do not use a hard cloth, benzene or thinner to wipe the phone, otherwise, the surf ace of the phone will be scratched or could even result in the fading of color. Taking Care of your Device Your device is a product of superior design and craftsmanship and should be handled with care: The following suggestions will help you protect your phone: †¢ Always keep the small parts of the phone away from children. †¢ Keep the device dry. Precipitation, humidity, and all types of liquids or moisture can contain minerals that will rust electronic circuits. If your device does get wet, remove the battery, and allow the device to dry completely before replacing it. †¢ Do not use or store the device in dusty, dirty areas. Its moving parts and electronic components can be damaged. †¢ Do not store the device in high or cold temperature. High temperatures can shorten the life of electronic devices and damage batteries. Do not attempt to open the device other than as instructed in this guide. †¢ Do not drop, knock, or shake the device. Rough handling can br eak internal circuit boards and fine mechanics. †¢ Do not use harsh chemicals, cleaning solvents, or strong detergents to clean the device. Only use a soft, clean, dry cloth to clean the surface of the device. †¢ Do not paint the device. Paint can clog the moving parts and prevent proper operation. †¢ Use chargers indoors After Services For details, see the After Service Guide supplied with the phone. [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic]