Kinetics: The Iodination of Propanone

Kinetics: The Iodination of Propanone Mary Adesina This individual investigation will be exploring kinetics through experimentation the reaction: This reaction is described as autocatalytic as it is produces the very species that increases the rate of reaction (hydrogen ions7). Background Reactants Iodine is chemical that takes place in the reaction. Iodine is a halogen (group 7 on the periodic table) with a simple molecular covalent structure. Halogens are often diatomic as they have seven electrons on their outer shell (a full shell being eight) so to share electrons would allow them to be stable. Halogens are very electronegative elements meaning they are very likely to attract a bonding pair of electrons. As one if the less reactive halogens Iodine is a grey solid in standard conditions, this is due to it being a bigger so the outer electrons are further from the nucleus and thus harder for the attraction of an electron to form and Halide ion12. The other halogens consist of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Astatine. Fluorine’s physical state is a pale yellow gas as it is the most reactive halogen. However it may not react with propanone in the same way as iodine as it does behave as a very good nucleophile. This is due to fluorine being less ready to share electrons with the electrophilic carbon in propanone. Chlorine’s physical state is a green gas and can be made into a virtually colourless solution but in this particular reaction will produce Chloroacetone (used as tear gas in the war) 10. This would put everyone is the laboratory at risk as tear gas can cause tearing, coughing and sneezing but inflaming mucous membranes in the eyes, nose and mouth. Changing the type of ketone in the reaction to butanone will prevent this haloketone from being produced, however the new ketone has a different chain length and therefore there is a need to test if there is a significant difference between the rates of the reaction the iodination of propanone and the iodination of butanone. Bromine’s physical state is a red-brown liquid and is yellow/orange in solution that reacts with propanone in a way that is analogous to iodine4. This halogen is more reactive than iodine as thus should result in a faster reaction rate12. Astatine cannot be used in this reaction as it is far too unreactive as well as radioactive. Propanone (also known as acetone) is the most simple of ketones consisting of three carbons. Ketones are formed by refluxing secondary alcohols with acidified Potassium Dichromate Figure 4. Products Iodopropane is produced in the reaction Spectator Ions Theory In order for a reaction to take place particles need to collide, as occurs energy is shifted between them changing the amount of energy they have this is known as Collision Theory13. The distribution of this energy is displayed in a Maxwell-Boltzmann Curve Figure 2. The factors that have positive correlation with the rate constant3 and therefore effect the rate of a reaction do so because they affect the number of collisions (concentration) or the energy that each particle possesses (temperature) because this effects the number of particles that possess the activation energy (the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place)13. Catalysts also affect the rate of reaction by providing an alternative route for the reaction to occur; this route has a lower activation energy than the original reaction Figure 2 meaning more particles have enough energy to react thus increasing the reaction rate. If a reaction has a great activation energy, the increase in temperature will have a large effect on the rate of reaction whereas if this activation energy was smaller, the change in temperature will be far less significant. This suggests that there is a relationship between reaction rate, temperature and activation energy. Due to this relationship the Arrhenius equation, using the ‘temperature dependence of the rate constant’ 13(k Figure 1), is applied to calculate activation energy of reaction via deriving a form of that fits y=mx+c (taking the natural logarithm). Rate of reaction is defined as the speed at which reactants are formed into products or change in concentration over time taking into consideration the factors that affect it such as surface area, temperature and concentration13. There are many ways of measuring the concentration during a reaction but some are more efficient depending on the property that changes during the reaction. For example, the original reaction being investigated, the iodination of propanone, has an obvious colour change so a technique that detects absorbance (Colorimetry) would be a more efficient than measuring loss of mass when there is no gas released3. With many techniques there arises the need to convert a particular property to concentration, in order to do so a calibration curve is needed. This curve is created by selecting known concentrations and measuring the level or amount of the property associated with the reaction and then drawing a property-concentration curve Figure x. Although it may be referred to as a curve more often than not it turns out to be rather linear as the concentrations used are rather low as the reactions would occur far too quickly if they were any higher, also high concentrations tend to have a higher hazard. It is only through practical experiments that a rate equation giving the order of reactants can be written5. 0 order: Changing the concentration of this species has no effect on the rate of reaction. 1st order: The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the rate of reaction. 2nd order: As the concentration doubles the rate of reaction quadruples (exponential relationship). The overall order of a reaction is calculated by adding the orders of each species Figure 1. The order of a reaction with respect to A shows the number of molecules of A which are involved in the rate determining step. As a result of this a mechanism can be suggested if the rate equation is known as if the reactant is not in the rate equation it cannot feature in the rate determining step. The rate determining step is the slowest step in the reaction and thus it is responsible for the rate of the overall reaction. This step can be first or last (Bottleneck effect) and it would make no difference on the overall reaction rate. Aims Explore the effects of different catalysts on the rate of the reaction and thus the activation energy. After finding the rate equation for the original equation, the same experiment will be carried out with catalysts sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid then with no catalyst (see reactions below). The activation energy can then be calculated via finding the different rates of reaction and thus the different values of the rate constant. This is all assuming the spectator ions have no effect on the reaction. Explore the effects of changing the type of halogen on the rate of the reaction. The chosen halogens are Bromine and Chlorine. The following are the reactions that are going to take place as a result (respectively). Use rate equation to propose a rate determining step and explore a suggested mechanism. If time permits exploring a suggested mechanism may consist of testing the presence of a product of one of the steps in the mechanism. Techniques Colorimetry This technique will be used to calculate the order of the reaction between iodine and propanone. This technique will also be used to measure the rates of the reactions between: Iodine and propanone Iodine and butanone Bromine and propanone Hypothesis: Although the ketones propanone and butanone have different formulas, the difference between the rates of reactions will be negligible and therefore the results for the reaction between chlorine with butanone and chlorine with propanone are more or less similar. Equipment List Chemical List 9 Boiling Tubes 10ml Pipette Spark Data logger Pipette Filler Colorimeter 20ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine 10ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Bromine 20ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 10ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Butanone 30ml 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL Distilled water Calibration Curve Set up the colorimeter according to the instructions. Place a cuvette full of distilled water inside the colorimeter and press the zero the button. Select a suitable filter (gives your greatest concentration an absorption of close to one). Make up 0.04, 0.016, 0.004, 0.0016, 0.0004, and 0.00016 mol dm-3 of iodine solution in test tubes by adding distilled water. Label each test tube. Place 6 ml 0.04 mol dm-3 of iodine solution in a cuvette and record the absorbance Do the same for each of the other concentrations. Draw a calibration curve by placing known concentrations of iodine solution in the colorimeter and recording the absorption. Only repeat the concentrations that don’t seem to fit in the curve. Method: To achieve Aim 1 Attach data logger to collect data automatically. Place a cuvette full of distilled water inside the colorimeter and press the zero the button. Select a suitable filter (gives your greatest concentration an absorption of close to one). Mix sample A, sample B and 2 ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL in a cuvette (add sample A last). Immediately place cuvette inside the colorimeter and start recording absorbance at time intervals of 30 seconds for 6 minutes using the data logger. Repeat Steps 2 to 5 two more times and calculate an average. Use calibration curve to convert absorbance to concentration then draw a concentration-time graph. Sample A Sample B Experiment 1 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone Experiment 2 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Butanone Experiment 3 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Bromine 2ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone Method: To achieve Aim 3 (Determine a rate equation) Attach data logger to collect data automatically. Place a cuvette full of distilled water inside the colorimeter and press the zero the button. Select a suitable filter (gives your greatest concentration an absorption of close to one). Add sample A, sample B and sample C in a cuvette. Immediately after adding Xml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine sol, place the cuvette inside the colorimeter. Start recording absorbance at time intervals of 30 seconds for 6 minutes using the data logger. Repeat Steps 2 to 6 two more times and calculate an average. Sample A Sample B Sample C X Experiment 1 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 3.3ml distilled water 0.9 Experiment 2 1.8ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 2.4ml distilled water 0.9 Experiment 3 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 1.8ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 2.4ml distilled water 0.9 Experiment 4 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 0.9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 2.4ml distilled water 1.8 Use calibration curve to convert absorbance to concentration then draw a concentration-time graph. Conductivity Meter11 This technique will be used to measure and compare the reaction rates of the iodination of propanone with a different catalysts. Hypothesis: The catalyst with the most hydrogen ions available will have the fastest reaction of rate and thus the lowest activation energy. This is assuming the spectator ions have no effect on the conductivity meter. Equipment List Chemical List 100ml Beaker Conductivity Meter 10ml Pipette Pipette filler 2 Water baths Kettle/Bunsen Burner Test tubes 220cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone 120cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL 60cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 H2SO4 220cm3 of 0.02 mol dm-3 HNO3 220cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 Iodine Distilled water Method: To achieve Aim 3 (Effect of catalysts on activation energy) Make two water baths (one large one small) at X degrees Celsius using a kettle and tap water. Label 2 test tubes A and B then fill with 9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone and 9ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine respectively. X Experiment 1 10 Experiment 2 20 Experiment 3 30 Experiment 4 40 Experiment 5 50 Experiment 6 60 Label 3 more test tubes X,Y and Z then fill with 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 H2SO4 , 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL and 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HNO3 respectively. Place all of the test tubes in the small water bath for 2 minutes. Place a beaker in the large water bath. Pour 3 ml from test tubes A and X into the beaker. Place conductivity probe in the beaker and adjust settings to consider the temperature of the water bath. Add 3ml from test tube B into the beaker. Start conductivity probe and record the conductivity every 30 seconds for 6 minutes. Repeat steps 6 to 9 but using the contents of test tube Y. Repeat steps 6 to 9 but using the contents of test tube Z. Repeat steps 1 to 11 two more times and calculate an average. Titration9, 12 14 This technique will be used to measure the decrease in concentration of chlorine water throughout the reaction between chlorine solution and butanone in order to find the initial rate of reaction. As chlorine solution is virtually colourless it would be more effective to conduct an analysis that doesn’t rely on a colour change. A Redox titration will be used to measure the decrease in iodine concentration to ensure that the technique used to collect data doesn’t have a significant effect on the results. Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate will be used to quench the reaction as it removes the hydrogen ions from the reaction. Silver Nitrate Titration: The chloride ions produced by the reaction will react with the silver nitrate to form a white precipitate (silver chloride). The end-point of the titration is a red precipitate caused by silver chloride reacting with the Sodium Chromate to form Silver Chromate(VI). Redox Titration: The iodide ions produced by the reaction will oxidise the Sodium Thiosulphate, so the thiosulphate ions become tetrathionate ions in a redox reaction. The solution will gradually start to go from brown to almost pale yellow. When this happens the starch indicator is added and reacts with triiodide forming a very dark blue-black complex. The end point is when this solution becomes colourless because it means that there is no longer any iodine left. Hypothesis: As Chlorine is more reactive than Iodine, the rate of the reaction should be faster. This is assuming that the technique has no significant effect on the results gained in this experiment. Equipment List Chemical List Distilled Water 2 Conical Flasks Test tubes A White Tile Stopwatch Beaker White paper 50 ml of 1 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Sodium Chromate 50 ml Silver Nitrate 100ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Chlorine Butanone Calibration Curve for Chlorine Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Mark white sheet of paper with a large black cross. Make up 10ml of 0.04, 0.016, 0.004, 0.0016, 0.0004, and 0.00016 mol dm-3 Chlorine solution in test tubes by adding distilled water. Label each test tube. For each test tube: Pour the contents of the test tube into a conical flask along with 1g Sodium Chromate dissolved in 20 ml distilled water. Place conical flask on white sheet under burette. Fill a burette with a recorded amount of 0.1 mol dm-3 Silver Nitrate solution. Add drops of Silver Nitrate solution into the solution, swirling after every few drops, there will be a white precipitate formed. Add more drops until the cross is no longer visible due to a brick red precipitate forming. Record the new amount of Silver Nitrate in the burette. Repeat steps 3 to 10 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Method: To achieve Aim 1 (Reaction rate of Chlorine and Butanone) X Experiment 1 1 Experiment 2 1.5 Experiment 3 2 Experiment 4 2.5 Experiment 5 3 Experiment 6 3.5 Experiment 7 4 Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Mark white sheet of paper with a large black cross. Mix 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Butanone, 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL and 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Chlorine in a conical flask. After X minutes add 3ml of 1 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to quench the reaction. Add 1g Sodium Chromate dissolved in 20 ml distilled water to the conical flask. Place conical flask on a white sheet under burette. Fill a burette with a recorded amount of 0.1 mol dm-3 Silver Nitrate solution. Add drops of Silver Nitrate solution into the solution, swirling after every few drops, there will be a white precipitate formed. Add more drops until the cross is no longer visible due to a brick red precipitate forming. Repeat steps 3 to 9 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Use calibration curve to obtain a concentration-time graph. Calibration Curve for Iodine Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Make up 10 ml of 0.04, 0.016, 0.004, 0.0016, 0.0004, and 0.00016 mol dm-3 iodine solution in test tubes by adding distilled water. Label each test tube. For each test tube: Pour the contents of the test tube into a conical flask. Add 3ml of Starch indicator to the conical flask. Fill a burette with Sodium Thiosulphate, recording the amount. Add drops of Sodium Thiosulphate into the solution, swirling after every few drops until there is a permanent colour change from a Black-Blue to colourless. Record the new amount of Sodium Thiosulphate in the pipette. Repeat steps 1 to 7 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Method: To achieve Aim 1 (Reaction rate of Iodine and Propanone) Set up apparatus as seen in picture above. Mix 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Propanone, 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 HCL and 3ml of 0.02 mol dm-3 Iodine in a conical flask. X Experiment 1 1 Experiment 2 1.5 Experiment 3 2 Experiment 4 2.5 Experiment 5 3 Experiment 6 3.5 Experiment 7 4 After X minutes add 3ml of 1 mol dm-3 Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate to quench the reaction. Add 3ml of Starch Indicator to the solution. Fill a burette with Sodium Thiosulphate, recording the amount. Add drops of Sodium Thiosulphate into the solution, swirling after every few drops until there is a permanent colour change from Blue-Black to colourless. Record the new amount of Sodium Thiosulphate in the pipette. Repeat steps 1 to 7 two more times and calculate an average titre (difference of 0.1). Use calibration curve to obtain a concentration-time graph. Risk Assessment Chemical/ Procedure Hazard Risk Action if Occurred Precautions Risk Likelihood (out of 10) Colorimetry Titration (Precipitation) Use of a Conductivity Meter Propanone Butanone Iodine Chlorine Bromine Hydrochloric Acid Sulphuric Acid Nitric Acid Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate Iodopropanone Chlorobutanone Bromopropanone Iodine/Bromide /Chloride ions Sodium Nitrate Sodium Chromate Starch Indicator Sodium Thiosulphate 1 | Page

The Micromax Mobile Phone

[pic] X560 User Manual INTRODUCTION Thank you for purchasing this Micromax mobile phone. To obtain the best performance of your phone, please read this user manual carefully. Table of Contents 1Safety4 1. 1 Safety Precautions4 2Introduction5 2. 1Phone and Accessories5 2. 2To Lock/Unlock6 2. 3Your Phone6 2. 4About your phone6 2. 5About SIM Card and the Battery6 2. 6To switch ON and OFF7 3Phonebook7 3. 1To Add a contact7 3. 2To View a contact7 3. 3To Call a contact7 3. 4To Edit a contact7 3. 5To Delete a contact8 3. 6To Copy a contact to phone memory8 3. 7To Move a contact8 3. 8Send a contact8 . 9Add to Blacklist8 3. 10Caller groups8 3. 11Phonebook settings8 4Calling9 4. 1Call waiting9 4. 2Call Barring9 4. 3Call divert9 5Call Logs10 5. 1Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls10 6Messages10 6. 1Write SMS10 6. 2SMS Inbox10 6. 3SMS Draftbox11 6. 4SMS Outbox11 6. 5Sent items11 6. 6Archive12 6. 7Delete Messages12 6. 8Templates12 6. 9Message settings12 6. 10EMAIL12 6. 11Broadc ast Message13 7Phone & Call Settings14 7. 1Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings14 8User Profiles15 8. 1User Profile Setup15 9Entertainment16 9. 1Camera16 9. 2Image Viewer16 . 3Video Recorder16 9. 4Video Player17 9. 5Music Player17 9. 6Photo editor17 9. 7Sound Recorder18 9. 8Slide show18 9. 9FM Radio18 10Fun & Games18 10. 1Games18 11Bluetooth18 11. 1To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity19 11. 2To Search/Inquire Audio Device19 11. 3To Search My (new) device19 11. 4Active Device19 11. 5Settings19 12Organizer19 13File Manager20 14WAP & JAVA Services21 14. 1WAP Browser21 14. 2WAP Setup21 14. 3Java21 15STK22 15. 1STK Services22 16Inputting Text22 17Phone Suite22 18Maintenance23 19Taking Care of your Device24 20After Services25 Safety 1. 1 Safety Precautions Please read through the following briefings carefully, and act in accordance with these rules, so as to prevent causing any danger or violating any law. Safe driving 1) Do not use the phone while driving. When you have to use the phone, please use the personal hands-free kit. 2) Please put the phone safely in the phone stand. Do not put it onto any passenger seat or any place from which it may fall down in case of vehicular collision or emergency braking. Turn off during a flight: Flight is influenced by interference caused by the phone. It is illegal to use a phone on the airplane. Please turn off your phone during a flight. Turn off the phone when within an area where blasting takes place: Be sure to strictly observe the related laws and statutes by turning off the phone when you are within, or in the vicinity of, an area where blasting takes place. Turn off the phone when any dangerous goods are in vicinity: Please turn off your phone when you are close to a gas station or in the vicinity of any place where fuel and chemical preparations, or any other dangerous goods are stored. In hospital: Please obey the related rules or bylaws of the hospital when using your phone in a hospital. Be sure to turn off your phone when near any medical equipment. Your use of any wireless transmission equipment, inclusive of the phone, will interfere with any medical equipment that is not protected fully, and other electronic equipment items, too. Should you have any question in this regard, please consult a related physician or medical equipment supplier. Interference: Each and every phone’s performance may be affected due to radio interference. Professional service: The phone must be installed or repaired by no other personnel than professionals. You are likely to suffer a huge risk when you install or repair this phone by yourself, which also goes against the warranty rules. Fittings and battery: You shall use the fittings and battery acknowledged by the phone manufacturer only. Using unauthorized accessories may tamper the warranty of the device. Emergency call: You may enter a telephone number (112, etc. ) to ask for emergency help after making sure that the phone has been turned on and is in the service status. Press the Send Key to call out. Disclaimer: Micromax will not bear any responsibility for any incompliance with the above mentioned guidelines or improper usage of the mobile phone. Micromax keeps the right to make modifications to any of the content here in this user guide without public announcement in advance. The content of this manual may vary from the actual content displayed in the mobile phone. In such a case, the latter shall govern. Introduction 1 Phone and Accessories Open the packing box of the phone and check that you have the Phone, Standard Charger, Standard Battery, USB cable, Earphone, Service Guide, Software CD, Leather pouch and Warranty Card. 2 To Lock/Unlock To unlock your phone (if auto keypad is enabled), press the small button on the top side of the phone. Or to unlock the phone slide up on the message displayed on the screen. 4 Your Phone [pic][pic] 5 About your phone Micromax X560 is a complete Touch phone. The main display of your phone is divided into 2 screens, slide your finger across the phone to change to the other screen to view more features. You can also change wallpapers by simply sliding your finger across the screen and choose from a wide range of interesting wallpapers. 6 About SIM Card and the Battery Please store the cards out of children’s reach. The card and the contacts are vulnerable to damage due to scratching or bending. Therefore, be careful when using, inserting or removing the cards. Be sure to switch off the phone before you insert or remove the battery or the card, otherwise, the phone may be damaged. Tips: The battery icon [pic] displayed on the screen indicates that the battery power is low. Please charge the battery. Please charge the battery before you use the newly purchased phone. We suggest you charge the battery for 4 hours continuously for the first time. Charging when the phone is in the ON mode will not influence the normal dialing and answering, but this needs to consume power, thus the time of charging will increase. We suggest you recharge the battery when the power is used up so as to prolong the life of the battery. 7 To switch ON and OFF To switch ON: Long press End key when the phone is in the OFF mode. If the phone lock has been activated, you need to enter the 4-digit password to unlock. (The preset unlock code is 0000. ) If the SIM card has been inserted in the phone, and the related PIN code protection is activated, you need to enter the 4-8 digit password to unlock. Warning: If you enter three wrong PIN codes in a row, the SIM card will be locked and you need to enter the PUK code to unlock. Both the PIN code and PUK code are provided by the network operator. To switch OFF: In the standby mode, press the key on the top side of the phone to power on and off. Phonebook You can store names and phone numbers in the memory of the phone or SIM card. Menu > Phonebook 1 To Add a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>New Or in idle, tap on the calling icon to enter phone numbers and save a contact. 2 To View a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>View In the contact list of the Phonebook, select to view the required name card 3 To Call a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Call View the contact number to make calls 4 To Edit a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>edit Allows you to edit a contact 5 To Delete a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Delete Allows you to delete a contact 6 To Copy a contact to phone memory Menu>Phonebook>Options>Copy Copy the contact to the phone memory 7 To Move a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Move Move a contact from the phone to the SIM memory or vice-versa 8 Send a contact Menu>Phonebook>Options>Send contact Allows you to send a contact via message, MMS, email or Bluetooth 9 Add to Blacklist Menu>Phonebook>Options>Add to blacklist Add the contact to the blacklist 10 Caller groups Menu > Phonebook > Options>Caller groups To view the ‘caller groups’ folder tap on the fourth key above- to select the group to be set in the preset groups mentioned in the phone. Like- Friends, family, colleagues, others and more. 11 Phonebook settings Menu > Phonebook > Options>Phonebook settings †¢ Choose phonebook view- Choose a location to save your contacts in †¢ Speed dial- Choose numbers from your contact list and put them under the speed dial list †¢ My number- View your number vCard version- View the vCard version †¢ Extra numbers- View SIM1, SIM2 or SOS numbers †¢ Phonebook backup- Allows you to import & export contacts to and from the phonebook. †¢ Memory status-View the used and available phone & SIM memory †¢ Copy contacts- Allows you to copy a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa †¢ Move contacts- Allows you to mo ve a contact from the phone to SIM memory and vice-versa †¢ Delete all contacts- Delete all the contacts from SIM or phone memory Calling Note: Once you attend a call your phone will display a series of functions from you to choose from. For example- Mute, Send message, Hold call and more. Choose anyone feature to carry out the desired functions. 1 Call waiting Menu > Settings > Call settings>Call Waiting This function allows you to put the current call on hold and then answer a second one. If, during a call, a new call comes in, you will hear a special alert sound and the screen will display the number of the new incoming call, which indicates that a third-party call is coming in and waiting for to answer. 2 Call Barring Menu > Settings > Call settings >Call Barring The function is a GSM network service and can restrict outgoing and incoming calls selectively. If you need to change the settings of Restrict Calls, please contact your network operator to obtain the password for opening this service. 3 Call divert Menu > Settings > Call settings> Call divert With the Call Divert function (needs network support), you may divert incoming calls to another mobile phone or a direct line telephone, but not to any extensions of a fixed telephone. Call Logs 1 Missed calls/dialed calls/received calls/blocked calls Press the keys displayed on top of the screen to view> All calls/Dialed calls / Received calls/ Missed calls You may select View: View the desired entry Call: Call the desired entry Save to Phonebook: to save the number to the Phonebook Edit: to edit the number to dial or save to the phonebook. Send message: To write SMS/MMS to send to the number. Delete: To delete the entry. Delete All: Delete all the registered entry in one go. Call timer: View the call timers for the last/received/dialed calls or reset Call cost: View the call costs Messages 1 Write SMS Menu > Messages > Write SMS/MMS Write the content of the SMS Send to: Add contact number Input Method: select Smart abc/Numeric etc Add picture: Add a desired picture in the message you want to send as an MMS Add sound: Add a desired sound in the message you want to send as an MMS Add video: Add a desired video in the message you want to send as an MMS Add subject: Add a desired subject in the MMS message Slide Options: Allows you to add a slide ‘before/after in the current mms. Swtich to MMS: Allows you to switch from SMS to MMS, manually. Advanced: Insert text template/Insert attachment/contact number/insert contact name (embellish the characters of text)/ Insert bookmark. Save: Save the mms/sms Details: View the details of the MMS/SMS 2 SMS Inbox Menu > Messages > Inbox To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading a SMS, you can select Options > View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Reply: Reply to the message received. Call sender: Call on the number from which the SMS was received. Forward: Forward the entry to others. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Save to Phonebook: Allows you to save the number from which the sms was received to the phonebook. Mark as read: Mark the received SMS as ‘read’ ? Advanced: Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. SMS Draftbox Menu > Messages > Drafts View: Allows you to view the SMS received. Send: Send the message saved in drafts Edit: Allows you to edit the SMS received. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the message s stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 4 SMS Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. Menu > Messages > Outbox SMS that have been sent and saved are stored in Outbox. To read a message, move to the entry and press OK When reading an SMS, you can select Options > View: View the message saved in outbox Resend: Select how to send. Edit: Edit the message. Delete: Delete the message. Delete all: Delete all the messages from the Inbox. Advanced Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 5 Sent items Menu>Messages>Sent items View the messages sent by you to other numbers Menu > Messages > Sent messages View: View sent messages. Forward: Forward the sent messages Delete: Delete a message in the sent items folder Delete All: Delete all messages in the sent items folder Advanced ? Copy to phone/SIM: Copy the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Move to phone/SIM: Move the SMS stored in SIM/phone to the phone/SIM. ? Copy all: Copy all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or copy all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. ? Move all: Move all the messages stored in SIM to the phone memory, or move all the messages stored in the phone memory to SIM. 6 Archive Menu>Messages>Archive Allows you to save messages received in your inbox into this archive folder. 7 Delete Messages Menu>Messages>Delete messages Delete messages from the following folders: Inbox, Drafts, Outbox, Sent messages, Archive, All messages 8 Templates Menu>Messages>Templates>SMS Templates/MMS Templates The phone has preset frequently used phrases which may be selected and added to the text when you are editing SMS. Preset phrases may be modified. 9 Message settings Menu>Messages>Messages settings SMS Settings Menu>Messages>Message settings>SMS settings Profile settings- †¢ Voicemail server †¢ Common settings- Set to receive Delivery reports, Reply path, Save Sent message. †¢ Memory status †¢ Preferred storage MMS Settings Menu>Messages>Message settings>MMS settings †¢ Profiles- Select a profile from the available network profiles. †¢ Common setting- Select to compose, send, retrieve or view the memory status. 10 EMAIL E-Mail Before use, you need to set the e-mail i n the â€Å"E-mail accounts† menu. Via this menu, you can receive and send e-mail.  ¦ Send and Receive: You can send/receive the e-mail from the specified mailbox. Write Email: You can edit e-mails.  ¦ Inbox: You can see the received e-mails.  ¦ Outbox: You can see the sent e-mails.  ¦ Sent: You can view send e-mails.  ¦ Drafts: You can see the drafts in the specified mailbox.  ¦ Clear mailbox: You can clear the e-mails in the specified mailbox, including inbox, outbox, sent e-mail backup and drafts, or clear all e-mails.  ¦ Delete marked emails: You can change the status of all e-mails to deleting status.  ¦ Email accounts: You can set up you new account.  ¦ Templates: you can pre-edit some common phrases, which is convenient for quick editing. Incoming Server: You can set the server parameters for the received e-mails, including Incoming server, Incoming port, user name and password etc. o Signature: You can set it On or Off and edit the signature. The fir st step in using email on your mobile phone is to define your email account’s settings so that your mobile phone knows which server to contact and to login using the correct credentials. TO CONFIGURE A NEW EMAIL ACCOUNT: Go to: †¢ Email >Email accounts> Options >New Account> Start to create account >Email address >Options >Next > Select email protocol (‘POP3’ or ‘IMAP- as per the account settings). Next >Select Data account (as per the SIM connection) > Incoming Server (edit email incoming server as per the account standard settings). †¢ Next > Outgoing Server (edit email outgoing server as per the account standard settings) >User Name > Password > Account Name > Options > Done (email account is created) †¢ Go to- Created email account >Options > Edit (user can edit email account settings if required) †¢ Advance Settings > Outgoing Sever > Outgoing Port (Input correct outgoing port according to the email configuration). Advance Settings > Incoming Server > Incoming Port (Input correct incoming port according to the email configuration) †¢ Go to- Configured email account > Options > Activate Your email account is now created! 11 Broadcast Message Menu > Messages > Broadcast Message The phone supports Broadcast Message. It is supported by GSM network. Broadcast messages are single-way messages sent to the users of the network operators by the message service center. For the contents and channel setup of broadcast messages, consult your network operator. Phone & Call Settings Customized General Settings/Phone Settings/ Connection Settings |Functions |Description | |Set time and date |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Time and date | |Schedule power on/off |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Schedule power on/off | | |To disable and enable status; to activate/deactivate, switch on/off, and time in turn. |Select language |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Language | |Set Display setup |Menu > Settings > Phone se ttings gt; Display Setup > Wallpaper/Screen saver/Show date and | | |time/LCD backlight/ Show owner number | |Set Greeting text |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Greeting Text | |Auto update of date and time On/Off |Menu > Settings > Phone settings > Auto update of date and time | |Set Caller ID |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1/2 call settings>Caller ID | |Set Call waiting |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings>Call  waiting | |Set call Divert |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings> Call Divert Tip: You can select | | |Cancel all divert to cancel all the divert settings. | |Set Call Barring |Menu > Settings > Call settings > SIM1-2 call settings> Call Barring. Restrict Calls is | | |a GSM network service. Please contact your network operator to obtain the password for | | |opening this service. |Set the Blacklist |Menu > Settings > Call settings > Advance settings>Blacklist | |Reject by SMS |Menu > Settings > Call settings > Advance sett ings>Reject by SMS | | |Reject a call by SMS | |Select network |Menu > Settings > Network settings >SIM 1-2 network settings | | |New Search: The phone will select a new network automatically. | | |Select Network: The phone will search and display the list of known networks for you to | | |select the desired one, after which, the phone will try to log in the selected network. | | |If the selected network is registered successfully, it will prompt so. | |Set information of GPRS Connection |Menu > Connectivity> Data account>GPRS/GSM Data | |WIFI Menu>WIFI | | |Enable the WiFi connection in your phone to gain access to internet at any WiFi enabled | | |location | |Restore factory default |Menu > Settings > Restore factory settings | | |Tip: You need to enter the phone password when you want to restore factory default. The | | |preset phone password is 0000. Please bear your password in mind. Incase you forget it, | | |contact the local dealer or an authorized service center. | User Profiles 1 User Profile Setup Functions |Description | |Activate the profile mode |Menu > Settings> User profiles > Desired mode>Options > Activate | |Set the ringtone for incoming calls |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> SIM1-2 Incoming call | |Set the ringtone for messages |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> SIM1-2 message tone | |Set the ringtone for key pad tone |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Tone setup> Keypad tone | |Adjust the volume of Ring Tone / Key |Menu > Settings > User profiles >Customize> Volume | |Tone | | |Set Alert Type of ringing |Menu> Settings > User profiles> Customize >Alert type | |Set the ring type |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Ring type | |Set the Extra Tone |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Extra tone | |Set the answer mode |Menu > Settings > User profiles > Customize> Answer mode | Entertainment 1 Camera Menu > Camera Tap on the screen to view various functions. From Settings choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task Photos: View the images clicked. Camera settings: Set EV, Banding, delay timer, shutter sound, contrast and cont. shot, Image settings: Set the size and quality of photos. White balance: Set White Balance. Scene mode: Set scene mode. Effect settings: Set the special effects of photos, such as Grayscale, Sepia, Sepia Green and Colour Invert. Storage: Select phone or memory card. Restore default: Restore default settings. 2 Image Viewer Menu > Image viewer On the Image viewer list screen, open the image and select Options> View: View the highlighted photo. Edit: Edit the image Browse style: Select the style of viewing. Send: Send the photo by MMS or Bluetooth, Email Use as: Set the highlighted photo as wallpaper, screen saver, or the photo caller ID of a Phonebook entry. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Storage: Select phone or memory card. 3 Video Recorder Menu>Video Recorder Choose from a list of functions below to carry out the desired task- Camcorder settings: set White Balance, EV, Night Mode and Banding. Video settings: Set video settings as per your requirement White balance: Set white balance Video settings: Set the Video Quality, File size limit, Rec time limit, and record audio. Effect settings: Set the special effects, such as Grayscale, Sepia, and Sepia Green etc. Restore default: Restore default settings. 4 Video Player Menu > Video player On the video player list screen, select Options > Send: Send the video by MMS or Bluetooth. Rename: Rename the highlighted file. Delete: Delete the highlighted file. Delete all files: Delete all the files from the list. Sort by: Sort the files in the list. Streaming URL: Allows you to browse sites like Youtube, Google. This feature is a network dependant service. Profile: Choose and activae a desired profile. Storage: Select phone or memory card. YouTube You can now watch videos on your phone on the popular YouTube site. Menu>Video Player>Streaming URL>Predefined>YouTube Note: This service is network dependant. Please get in touch with your network operator for the desired settings. 5 Music Player Menu > Music To add songs in your phone either add them from the phone memory or select the memory card by going to – Music player>Settings>Player settings> Pre playlist (Phone/Memory card) Playlists: Allows you to make a playlist and add songs in it either from the phone memory or the memory card. All tracks: Allows you to view all the tracks Recently played: View a list of the recently played songs Most played: View the most played songs. Recently added: View the list of recently added songs Artists: Add the artist name Albums: Add the album name Genres: Add a genre/type to your songs Refresh list: Refresh the playlist Nxp Equalizer: Add sound effects to your songs. Choose from a number of exciting effects like: bassbooster, Classical, Dance, Flat, Folk, Heavymetal, Hiphop, Jazz, Piano, Pop, Rock, Spokenworkd, Symphony, Theater, Treblebooster, Latin, Vocalbooster, Bassreducer, Treblereduces & Normal. Settings: †¢ Player settings †¢ Display settings †¢ Sound effects 6 Photo editor Menu> Photo editor Allows you to resize the images stored in your phone 7 Sound Recorder Menu > Sound recorder On the Sound Recorder list screen, you can select: Play: Play the recorded sound Append: Add a sound Rename: Rename the highlighted recording. Delete: Delete the highlighted recording. Delete all files: Delete all the recordings from the list. Use as: Send the highlighted record to the ringtone list for profiles. Send: Send the highlighted record by MMS, Bluetooth or Email. 8 Slide show Menu> Slide show Allows you to view images as a slide show. 9 FM Radio Menu > FM radio To search channels- Options> >Auto search To save the channel list- Select one or all channels and add them to the channel list. To change channels- Long press on the ‘>’ key to change to the next channel Fun & Games 1 Games Menu > Games Your phone has many preloaded exciting games in it. Choose the game you wish to play and cross various levels to set the ultimate highest score. Bluetooth You can connect wirelessly to other compatible device with Bluetooth technology. Compatible devices may include computers, mobile phones. You can use Bluetooth connectivity to send images, music and sound clips, video clips, and notes. Since devices with Bluetooth wireless technology communicate using radio waves, your device and the other devices need to be within a range of 10 meters from each other, but the connection may be subject to interference or could face obstruction from stuff such as wall or from other electronic devices. Use the wireless technology of Bluetooth to be able to consume battery quantity of electric charge. If you are restricted by something when using Bluetooth technology, consult your local Micromax support/service station. 1 To Activate/Deactivate Bluetooth Connectivity Menu > Connectivity>Bluetooth > Power(On/Off) 2 To Search/Inquire Audio Device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > Inquiry audio device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. To Search My (new) device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > My device > Inquiry new device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 4 Active Device Menu > Connectivity> Bluetooth > Active Device Tip: Please activate the Bluetooth first. 5 Settings Me nu > Connectivity>Bluetooth > Settings View the following options to change/edit the Bluetooth settings- Visibility- Switch ON/OFF to display your Bluetooth device visbility Device name- Edit your Bluetooth device display name Receive folder- View items received via Bluetooth in the phone/SIM memory Device information- View details about your Bluetooth device. Organizer Functions |Description | |View the calendar |Menu > Calendar | |Notes |Menu > Notes | |Tasks |Menu > Tasks | |Set the alarm |Menu > Alarm > Edit | |World clock |Menu > Applications>World clock | |Calculator |Menu > Calculator | |Unit converter |Menu > Applications>Currency converter | |Text reader |Menu > Applications>Text reader | File Manager When a USB cable is connected, you can use the phone as a USB mass storage. |Functions |Description | |View folders |Menu > File manager> Options > Open> View folders in phone or SIM memory | |Format |Menu > File manager > Options > Format | WAP & JAVA Services 1 WAP Browser Menu > Connectivity > WAP You need to make the relevant settings in WAP Setup before you use the WAP browser to surf the web. When the WAP browser is activated, if a homepage is set in WAP Setup, the phone will link the website indicated by the homepage; otherwise, you may enter a website and the phone will connect to it. When surfing the web, select Options > Refresh: To refresh the web page. Homepage: To link the homepage. Input URL: input a website address. Add Bookmark: Add to bookmark. Set Homepage: set the URL as homepage. Forward/Backward: To turn to the next /previous page. Advance: Show URL info, Bookmark, Save item. Exit: To exit the browser. 2 WAP Setup WAP settings are required for surfing the web with WAP. Follow the steps below to set up a WAP account: †¢ Connectivity > Data Account > GPRS > Add account > Add account name/ APN/ Username & password > Save. Then go to: Menu >Connectivity > WAP >Settings > Profiles > Add new > Account Name/ Homepage/ Data Account (select the previously created data account) > Select connection type (HTTP/WAP- Indise HTTP & WAP ener the correct proxy address & port > Done > Save the account >Go to the created account & activate. Menu > Connectivity> WAP> Settings>Profile You can set the following: Account: To select from the GPRS connection list. Connection type: To set WAP or HTTP connection mode. Home page: To set the address of the homepage. The phone has a default and you can modify it. 3 Java Menu > Applications>Java You can install Java applications to enhance the multimedia function. It also allows you to connect to Snaptu, Nimbuzz and Operamini as well. Java settings Menu > Connectivity>JAVA settings STK 1 STK Services If your SIM card supports STK, you may use the corresponding value-added services. Inputting Text You can enter text in English and digit. Phone Suite Connect your phone and PC via the USB cable> Select COM Port PhoneSuite provides various functionalities for users to manage the documents in their mobile phone easily on a PC. It will communicate with mobile phone via serial communication or Bluetooth. †¢ Phonebook is used to manage the contacts information between the mobile phone and the PC folder. In addition to adding, editing and deleting contacts, users can get a backup of the phonebook database on the PC folder †¢ Message helps users to read, edit nd send SMS/EMS messages directly from PC. Besides, you can create personal folders to categorize all messages on the PC side. †¢ Settings: contains the system-related settings and message default settings. Users also can set whether they want to import contact list from other software or not here. †¢ Images: is us ed to draw images of various file types, and transport the images between the PC and mobile phone. It also provides clip, mirror and rotate functions to reach user's expectation. †¢ Melody: provides a easier way to compose your own melody through the staff graphic interface. It also provides the functions to transport the melodies between PC and mobile phone. MMS Message: helps users to read, edit MMS messages directly from PC. Users also can transport MMS messages between PC and mobile phone. †¢ File Manager provides a friendly interface for users to manage their files between the PC and the mobile phone. Functionalities of â€Å"copy†, â€Å"paste†, â€Å"delete†, â€Å"rename† and â€Å"new folder† are provided in the out tool. Besides, File Manager also supports local java installation from PC side. Maintenance Use a dry soft cloth to wipe general dirt. Do not use a hard cloth, benzene or thinner to wipe the phone, otherwise, the surf ace of the phone will be scratched or could even result in the fading of color. Taking Care of your Device Your device is a product of superior design and craftsmanship and should be handled with care: The following suggestions will help you protect your phone: †¢ Always keep the small parts of the phone away from children. †¢ Keep the device dry. Precipitation, humidity, and all types of liquids or moisture can contain minerals that will rust electronic circuits. If your device does get wet, remove the battery, and allow the device to dry completely before replacing it. †¢ Do not use or store the device in dusty, dirty areas. Its moving parts and electronic components can be damaged. †¢ Do not store the device in high or cold temperature. High temperatures can shorten the life of electronic devices and damage batteries. Do not attempt to open the device other than as instructed in this guide. †¢ Do not drop, knock, or shake the device. Rough handling can br eak internal circuit boards and fine mechanics. †¢ Do not use harsh chemicals, cleaning solvents, or strong detergents to clean the device. Only use a soft, clean, dry cloth to clean the surface of the device. †¢ Do not paint the device. Paint can clog the moving parts and prevent proper operation. †¢ Use chargers indoors After Services For details, see the After Service Guide supplied with the phone. 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Harper Lee’s ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’: An analysis of the title Essay

Unlike most books, the title of Harper Lee’s novel, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, has very little literal connection to the main plot itself, but carries a great symbolic weight in the book. We first start to realize the figurative meaning of the ‘mockingbird’ in chapter 10 when Atticus told Jem to â€Å"shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit ’em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird† and also said that â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy†¦That’s why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird.† From these two statements, we can infer that mockingbirds symbolizes innocence and harmlessness, both of these traits can be seen in Tom Robinson and Boo Radley in the novel. Tom Robinson, as we know from the novel, is a kind person who is often willing to help others in need. In fact, he was â€Å"probably the only person who was ever decent to her.† During his testimony, he also revealed how he has helped Mayella Ewell out with her chores countless times, not because she is a white but because of his innate helpful nature, despite his injured left arm. He resisted kissing Mayella because of the simple fact that she was a white girl and it was socially unacceptable for a Black man to kiss a White girl. Also, the fact that he did not push Mayella away as he advanced provocatively towards him but instead decided to run away in the middle of the situation, proving the point that he was a compassionate ‘mockingbird’ who never intended to harm any one, be it White or Black. Unfortunately, he never stood to win the case despite overwhelming evidence because of the all-white jury and the majority of the Maycomb population who were racists and were prejudiced in favour of the Whites. This matter is made worse by the fact that the people of Maycomb are â€Å"afraid to that they might hurt someone’s feelings if they have to pass a judgment involving two townspeople.† In other words, they would rather have an easy way out by killing Tom Robinson than standing up for him and creating more problems. By killing an innocent Tom Robinson who was trying to escape from the confinements of prison, the people of Maycomb have unknowingly ‘killed a mockingbird’. Boo Radley is the other significant ‘mockingbird’ in the novel. Although he only appeared physically once in the entire novel, he is an important  character who slowly transformed from an enigma and the focal point of the children’s inquisitiveness to someone who heroically rescued Jem and Scout from the deranged Bob Ewell later in the story. In the beginning, he was subject to numerous rumours and was a common topic for the children’s conversations and games, as his name suggests that of a ghost. His house even got ‘invaded’ by the children who were desperate to find out more about his life. It was then no wonder that treated with such skepticism and prejudice, he preferred to be a recluse and stay indoors in solitude than to go outside and meet the same fate which Tom Robinson suffered. Like Tom, Boo Radley committed no crime but to love children, although it was quite clear that his family forbade him from doing so by cementing the hollow trunk after Jem and Scout put a thank you note in it. It was unfortunate that the children only found out the true character of Boo Radley towards the end of the story after they were saved. Only then did Scout and Jem realized that Boo Radley was not hiding from children but constantly looking out for them, especially those in need. Similar to Tom Robinson and a mockingbird, it is greatly ironic that the Radleys’ house was invaded by the children because he looked out for children, just like Tom Robinson who was sentenced because he helped Mayella and a mockingbird who is shot because it sings for the people. Never did anyone knew that Boo Radley actually had more character than the average person of Maycomb who were racists and bigots who dared not stand up for someone of another race until then. In conclusion, Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are the two main mockingbirds who were innocent yet punished by the society. By deliberately choosing such an unusual title (at least to the average reader) and juxtaposing the two ‘mockingbirds’ (one Black and one White) together, Harper Lee perhaps is trying to tell us how justice and compassion reach beyond the boundaries of racism and prejudices. The greatest difference between these two ‘mockingbirds’ is of course that Tom Robinson got killed while Boo Radley was forced to kill.

Critical Success Factors In Merger And Acquisition Projects - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2794 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? The introduction of this Proposal as well the dissertation will explain the concept of critical success factors in mergers and acquisition and will investigate how an advisory firm can help in mergers and acquisition and its perspective. . A short case organization State Bank of India will be made. The aim is to enlighten the reader about the problem formulation, the brief review of literature, aims and objectives and finally will the research methodology, data collection method, data analysis and conclusion will shown in this proposal. Literature review The essay aims at seeing the in and out sights of what the research will be on the related issues around the thesis of the topic. The literature review aims at exploring the topic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Critical Success Factors for Mergers and Acquisition Projects in the View of Merger and Acquisition Advisory Firmsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. This proposal will be divided into two parts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Critical Success Factors In Merger And Acquisition Projects" essay for you Create order Mergers and Acquisitions and Mergers and Acquisition advisory firms Critical success factors for the projects The upshot of the review is the intention to develop the knowledge based on the gap which will be recognized through this review. The upshot is concerned with the critical success factors for Mergers and Acquisition projects in the view of Mergers and Acquisition advisory firms. The filed of mergers and acquisition continues to experience dramatic growth. Record breaking mega mergers have become common place. Indeed, while mega mergers used to be mainly an American phenomenon; the current fifth merger wave became truly international merger period. Starting in the 1990s and continuing into next decade, some of the largest mergers and acquisition took place in Europe. This was underscored by the fact that the largest deal of all time was hostile acquisition of a German company by British firm. Economic growth was not only the reason for the large volume of deals throughout the world. Deregulation in Europe and the development of a common European economy also played a role. Nation such as Canada and Australia also exhibited a pronounced higher volume of deals. The picture in Asia is however was different. Here, restructuring and downsizing were more common place as the Asian economy remained week. Companies in Japan and Korea, long protected by their highly re gulated economic structures, now had consider bankruptcy and others forms of restructuring as the means of working out their economic difficulties.(Gaughan, 2002). Moreover, it has been highlighted that mergers and acquisition fail due to negligence at different levels during pre, post and due diligence period of the process. Thus this project would provide the development of mergers framework to facilitate the merger and acquisition process in the banking industry. (Cartwright Cooper, 1993). There are several reasons for those firms might engage in mergers and acquisition. One of the most common motives in expansion. Acquiring a company in a line of business or geographic area into which the company may want to expand can be quicker than internal expansion. An acquisition of a particular company may provide certain synergistic benefits for the acquirer, such as when two lines of business complement one another. A financial factor motivates some mergers and acquisition. For example, an acquirerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ financial analysis may reveal that the target is undervalued. That is, the value of the buyer may be significantly in excess of the market value of the target, even the premium that is normally associated with changes in control is added to the acquisition price. Other motive, such as tax motives, also plays a role in an acquisition Decision (Gaughan, 2007). Mergers and acquisition, by which two companies are combined to achieve certain strategic and business objectives, are transactions of great significance, not only to the workers, managersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ competitors, communities and the economy. Their success or failure has enormous consequences for shareholders and lenders as well as the above constituencies. (Sudarsanam, 2003). Mergers Acquisition and Mergers Acquisition Advisory Firms This proposal as well as the Dissertation of Mergers and Acquisition (MA) has brought into being in the literature since last two decades. (Appelbaum et al; 2007). As we hear Mergers and Acquisition in day-to-day basis I investigated that the rise in Mergers and Acquisition is due that fact that its increasing complexity of such transactions taking place day-to-day and time-to-time (Gaughan, 2002). According to (Gaughan and Jagersma, 2005) Merger is the combination of two or more companies in creation of a new entity or formation of a holding company.( European Central Bank , 2000) Acquisition is the purchase of shares or assets on another company to achieve a managerial influence, not necessarily by mutual agreement (Jagersma, 2005). Mergers and Acquisition can be categorized into horizontal, vertical or conglomerate and the transactions will be viewed from the outlook of the value chain. (Ghaughan, 2002) According to (Picot, 2002) Mergers and Acquisition process undergoes three processes: planning, implementation and integration. Planning covers the operational, managerial and legal techniques and optimization. The implementation covers a range of activities starting from the issuance of confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements, letter of intent and ending with conclusion on Mergers and Acquisition contract and deal closure. The last phase is concerned with post-deal integration. This model will be described by Watson Wyatt Model which has also five flows and this model undergoes stages such as Formulate, Locate, Investigate, Negotiate and Integrate. (Glaphin and Herndon, 2000). Mergers and Acquisitions have positioned their efforts on giving the bigger picture of the motives of firms engaging in Mergers and Acquisition transactions. According to (Gaughan,2002) it takes a practical view to firm level he identifies the motives by referring to the theories. His motives are Mergers and Acquisition is a way and means to be considered for the firms to grow on the faster rate Mergers and Acquisition firms have a scope of economic gains as a result of economies on the larger scale Larger the organization can result on Mergers and Acquisition and have a better access to capital market, which can show the way later to a lower cost of capital that is regarding financial benefits etc. Mergers and Acquisition aims at imagined gains which a firm may experience when putting its higher authority skills into target business and practice. According to (Trautwein, 1990) also provides us with a summary of motives and also Trautewein 1990 makes a statement that Mergers and Acquisition marks on Net Present Value. According to (Jansen, 2002) in Picot 2002 Mergers and Acquisition is not a new invention. In 19th century the first time Mergers and Acquisition appeared in the picture. Five mergers and acquisition wavesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ 1880-Y2K will give the timeline of Mergers and Acquisition development. Mergers and Acquisition Advisory firms According to (Piscot,2002) the question arises that which mergers and acquisition advisors a company will need to consult in order to develop joint creative strategies and financing schemes and to look for suitable transaction partners this will be raised during the planning stage of mergers and acquisition process. External advice is sorted out going through different areas like investment corporate finance, commercial law, environment audit etc. (Sundarsanam, 1995) Definition of Merger and Acquisition Advisory Firms In this definition of mergers and acquisition (Sundarsanam,1995) explains that Mergers and Acquisition advisors as investment banks, corporate lawyers, accountants, stockbrokers, strategy consultants, investor relations and public relations consultants and environment consultants. He states that among these entire advisors investment bank plays an important in advisory in mergers and acquisition transactions. Mergers and Acquisition advisory firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role in mergers acquisition transaction According to (PEI Services Ltd, 2006) mergers and acquisition acts as match makers. Mergers and Acquisition follows following services: A valuation of business Marketing in business Assisting with diligence Resolving transaction issues throughout the process Conducting interviews and discussion with acquirers Providing strategic insights and negotiation skills on behalf of the client Creation of the marketing material Handling confidential documents on behalf of the client Solving transaction issues According to (Daniel and Phillip, 2007) mergers and acquisition advisory firms perform the task to increase the market efficiency by cutting down the information asymmetries between the acquiring and target firms. Factors affecting merger and acquisition advisory choice Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s clear that mergers and acquisition advisory firms are important but investments banks also play an important role in the key advisors in mergers and acquisition transactions. It looks on the closer outlook at what benefits mergers and acquisition bring to clients and in which situation firms get involve in mergers and acquisition firms in mergers and acquisition process. Critical Success Factors for Projects The proposal as the dissertation literature review will be divided into two sections. Critical success factors are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ the set of circumstances, facts, or influences which contribute to the project outcomesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? ( Lim and Mohamed, 1999) Project success criteria are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the set of principles or standards by which project can be judgedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Lim and Mohamed, 1999). This will explained in detail in the dissertation. Research Aims and Objectives 1. To investigate the main roles of merger acquisition advisory firms associated with merger acquisition projects. 2. To examine the process of conducting a merger acquisition project. 3. To find out the project success criteria for merger acquisition projects To explore from the perspective of merger acquisition advisory firms. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH DESIGN The research is the plan of action undertaken by people in order to find our things in a systematic and make it realistic thereby increasing their knowledge. The research can be qualitative and quantitative. (Saunders et al. 2007). My aim of carrying out this research is analyse the relevant information which will be gathered by me. My research could be qualitative, quantitative or it is both based on the situation and the mood of the interviewee. The research will be done based on the interview or filling up questionnaires by a manager of State Bank of India. A research design provides the frame work for the collection and analysis of data. A choice of research design reflects about the priority being to range of dimensions of the research process. (Bryman et al. 2007). Qualitative and Quantitative study will help in which my secondary and primary data will be collected in order to increase the strength of my findings. The research is based o the manager and some of the employees pertaining to critical success factors in mergers and acquisition projects of state bank of India which plays a role of an advisory firm. (Bryman et al. 2007). Sample is the segment of the population that is selected for investigation. It is a subset of the population. (Bryman et al.2007,p182). My way of sampling will be random sampling. Non Probability refers to a sample that has not been selected using a random selection method. Essentially this implies that some units in the population are more likely to be selected than others.( Bryman et al. 2007,p 182) DATA COLLECTION METHOD The purpose of the Data Collection Method is a type of method which has to be conducted; the data is collected more specifically to make this proposal as well as the assignment to make it more realistic (Saunders et al.2007, p131). A semi-structured and in depth (unstructured interviews) are non- standardized. This is often seen in qualitative research interviews (King, 2004). Unstructured interviews are more informal. (Saunders et al. 2007, p312). Structured interview use questionnaires based on prÃÆ' ªt ermined and standardized or identical set of questions it is more often related to quantitative research. (Saunders et al. 2007, p312). A semi- structured interviews method is related to qualitative research or quantitative or it can be both. This research is conducted in order to develop the deep understanding about the current issues happening in the organisation regarding the critical success factors of State Bank Of India which plays a role of advisory firms in mergers and acquisition. I will be using any one of them or any two of them for example structured unstructured, or only structured depends on the situation. The interview chosen by me is taken to support the primary data collection from where major findings emerge. The research will be done based on interviewing and filling up questionnaires by a manager and his employees. It is to make the key evaluation on the list of the critical success factors. I will also conduct a questionnaire associated with qualitative or quantitative or it can be both of them in research. This will give the idea and will also cross check with theory and practical. (Saunders et al. 2007, p101). Graphs and charts will be used if necessary to support the primary research. My data collection will be explanatory or it can be descriptive depending on happening situation. Explanatory study is based on a search literature, interview à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“expertsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in the subject and conducting focus group interviews. Descriptive study is based on to portray an accurate profile of persons, events or situations. (Robson, 2002, p59). Description in management and business research has a clear place. However it should be thought of as a means to an end rather than an end itself. (Saunders et al. 2007, pp 133 -134) DATA ANALYSIS According to (Saunders et al. 2007, pg 473) quantitative data is based on meanings derived from numbers, the collection results in numerical and standardized data and analysis conducted through the use of diagrams. However, Qualitative data is based on meanings expressed through words, collection of results in non- standardized data requiring classification into categories and analysing conducted through the use of conceptualization. The following data will be analyzed as per the discussion that will be organized based on the findings from the both primary and the secondary data. The interviews will play a key role in doing the data analysis. Interviews and questionnaire will result in checking the general and valid analysis. The research will be done based on interviewing and filling up questionnaires by two managers. The analysis is also focus on overview in critical success factors of State Bank of India as an advisory firm in mergers and acquisition projects. Above all will support which will present the detailed discussion with the questionnaire supported. To give the right way of the analysis the data will be presented along with my evaluation and judgments of findings. FORM OF PRESENTATION The concepts will be specific and related with the project. The research document will be in the written form. Black and White colours will be used for this research. Research will be printed. It will be in binded form. Various diagrams and graphs will be used for this research. Flow of the data will be coherent. All the related data will be presented which can help to grasp the ideas and the ideal conclusion can be drawn based on the reliability of the data. Research will start in the simple form of the introduction with the industry and related issues. It will further discuss about the problem issues and different facts will be presented in a proper order. TIME TABLE: Problem Identification Literature Review Research Design Choice of Methodology Data Sources Data Collection Data analysis Writing up draft Editing Final document Binding of document CONCLUSION: After gathering all the information and data the researcher must spend lot of time thoroughly reviewing and evaluating the findings. Once the study is evaluated conclusions must be drawn. With the help of interviews proper theories should be formed which should give an idea about the situations of mergers and acquisitions in banking and financial sector. References: Richardson, P., Denton, D.K. (1996), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Communication Changeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Human Resource Management, Vol. 35 No.2. Catwright, S., Cooper, Cary, L. (1993) The Psychological Impact of Mergers and Acquisition on the Individual: A Study of Building Society Managers, Human Relation Mar 93, Vol 46. Daniels, K. and Phillips, R.A. (2007) The Valuation Impact of Financial Advisors: An empirical Analysis of REIT Mergers and Acquisition. Journal of Real Estate Research, January- March, 29(1), pp 57-74. European Central Bank, 2000. Mergers and Acquisitions involving the EU Banking Industry- Facts and Implications [online]. Available at www.ecb.int/pub/pdf/other/eubkmergersen.pdf [Accessed 1 July 2007] Gaughan, P.A., (2002) Mergers, Acquisition and Corporate restructuring (3rd edition), John Wiley Sons, Inc, New York. Galpin,T.J. and Herndon, M. (2000) The complete guide to Mergers and Acquisitions, Jossey- Bass Publishers, San Francisco. Jagersma,P.K. (2005) Cross- Border Acquisitions of European Multinationals Journal of General Management 30(3), pp13-34. Picot,G. (2002) Handbook of International Mergers and Acquisitions: Preparation, Implementation and Integration, Palgrave Macmillan, New York. PEI(Private Equity Info) Services Ltd., (2006) Mergers and Acquisition, advisory firms [online] Available at https://www.advisoryfirms.com/?type=1firmtype%5B%5d=Middle+Marketstate%5B%5D=anysearch.x=11search.y=12 [Accessed 04 July 2008] Sunders,M., Lewis, P., and Thornhill,A. (2003) Research Methods for Business Students, Pearson Education Limited, England. Sudarsanam, P.S., (1995) The Essence of Merger and Acquisitions, Prentice Hall, Great Britain. Trautwein, F. (1990) Mergers Motives and Prescriptions: Strategic Management Journal, 11(4), pp 283-295. Lim, C.S., and Mohamed, M.Z. (1999) Criteria of project success: an exploratory re- examination, International Journal of Project Management, 17(4), pp 243-248.