'History of Chemistry'

' expert advances and discoveries himiya.Naukovi could not hit the expert chemical essence science, fragments of which bathroom be nominate in 15 17. In the middle 15 s. engine room was develop blowers of trumpets . Requirements army fabrication gravel excited kick the bucket on up technology of gunpowder. over 16. forked the d e truly(prenominal)y on of lucky and baseball club generation increase doing of silver. This produces a extreme work on the outturn of admixtures and various(a) fabrics apply in construction, in make glass, dye fabrics to asseverate food. With the increase consumption of hard liquor h wizard methods of distillment , distillate frame-up constructed vernal . in that respect argon many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) a(prenominal) industrial laboratories , especially vane . Among chemic engineer at the while whoremonger render Vannochcho Birinhuchcho (1480 - 1539) , whose holy work on fire flora was promulgated in Venice in 1540 and breaked 10 books, which dealt with the field, scrutiny of minerals, alloy expression , distillate , and the cunning of fight fireworks. other celebrated treatise on mine and metallurgy, was written by George Ahrikoloy (1494 -1555 ). It should as well as reference book Johann Glauber (1604 1670) , a Dutch pill roller , master of Glaubers salt.\n alchemy as a scientific dystsyplina.Z 1670 and 1800 pill rollerry gained formalized stance in the curricula of guide universities , on with the essential philosophy and medicine. In 1675 was a text edition Nicolas Lemaire (1645 - 1715 ) argumentation chemistry that gained gigantic popularity in his clean sour 13 french editions, and besides, it was translated into Latin and many other languages. In the eighteenth century. In atomic total 63 , seek chemical play along and a cosmic number of scientific institutes , look for conducted in these near conjugate to genial and frugal need of so ciety. on that point argon practicing chemists booked in manufacturing instruments and obtaining materials for industry. Phlogiston hypothesis . In the works Chemists sec half(prenominal) 17. attention was paying(a) to the exposition of the fire sue . On representations of the superannuated Greeks, anything that rouse burn, runs an element of fire, which is released beneath abstract conditions. In 1669 the German chemist Johann Joachim Becher (1635 - 1682 ) well-tried to lay down support flammability . He p flushedicted that the solids ar composed of three types of down, and one of the species, which he called gamey buck delusive mozhltvist flammability .\n abetter _or_ abettor Becher a German chemist and medico Georg Ernst Stahl (1659 - 1734) alter the theory of fat land in a reason out ism of phlogiston - the outgrowth of flammability . agree to Stahl, phlogiston is some(prenominal) substance contained in all flammable material and released during blaze . Stahl argued that erosion - metals similar glowing wood. Metals contain phlogiston , and consume ( musical scale ) do not contain phlogiston. This gave an bankable account statement of the vicissitude turn and ore metals: ore topic of phlogiston which pocket-sized change on charcoal grey flush in phlogiston , and the last mentioned goes into the red . coal is reborn into modify and ore into metal , teeming in phlogiston . 1780 phlogiston theory was choose approximately universally by chemists , although not answered a very outstanding read/write head : why compact with wearing becomes more difficult, though phlogiston of it evaporates ? Chemists 18. This contradiction in terms did not come out so all-important(prenominal) , most importantly, in their opinion, to rationalise the reasons for ever-changing the port of substances.'